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- Стр. 1259/1273
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And
corresponding
to
the
event
its
justification
appears
in
people
's
belief
that
this
was
necessary
for
the
welfare
of
France
,
for
liberty
,
and
for
equality
.
People
ceased
to
kill
one
another
,
and
this
event
was
accompanied
by
its
justification
in
the
necessity
for
a
centralization
of
power
,
resistance
to
Europe
,
and
so
on
.
Men
went
from
the
west
to
the
east
killing
their
fellow
men
,
and
the
event
was
accompanied
by
phrases
about
the
glory
of
France
,
the
baseness
of
England
,
and
so
on
.
History
shows
us
that
these
justifications
of
the
events
have
no
common
sense
and
are
all
contradictory
,
as
in
the
case
of
killing
a
man
as
the
result
of
recognizing
his
rights
,
and
the
killing
of
millions
in
Russia
for
the
humiliation
of
England
.
But
these
justifications
have
a
very
necessary
significance
in
their
own
day
.
These
justifications
release
those
who
produce
the
events
from
moral
responsibility
.
These
temporary
aims
are
like
the
broom
fixed
in
front
of
a
locomotive
to
clear
the
snow
from
the
rails
in
front
:
they
clear
men
's
moral
responsibilities
from
their
path
.
Without
such
justification
there
would
be
no
reply
to
the
simplest
question
that
presents
itself
when
examining
each
historical
event
.
How
is
it
that
millions
of
men
commit
collective
crimes
--
make
war
,
commit
murder
,
and
so
on
?
With
the
present
complex
forms
of
political
and
social
life
in
Europe
can
any
event
that
is
not
prescribed
,
decreed
,
or
ordered
by
monarchs
,
ministers
,
parliaments
,
or
newspapers
be
imagined
?
Is
there
any
collective
action
which
can
not
find
its
justification
in
political
unity
,
in
patriotism
,
in
the
balance
of
power
,
or
in
civilization
?
So
that
every
event
that
occurs
inevitably
coincides
with
some
expressed
wish
and
,
receiving
a
justification
,
presents
itself
as
the
result
of
the
will
of
one
man
or
of
several
men
.
In
whatever
direction
a
ship
moves
,
the
flow
of
the
waves
it
cuts
will
always
be
noticeable
ahead
of
it
.
To
those
on
board
the
ship
the
movement
of
those
waves
will
be
the
only
perceptible
motion
.
Only
by
watching
closely
moment
by
moment
the
movement
of
that
flow
and
comparing
it
with
the
movement
of
the
ship
do
we
convince
ourselves
that
every
bit
of
it
is
occasioned
by
the
forward
movement
of
the
ship
,
and
that
we
were
led
into
error
by
the
fact
that
we
ourselves
were
imperceptibly
moving
.
We
see
the
same
if
we
watch
moment
by
moment
the
movement
of
historical
characters
(
that
is
,
re-establish
the
inevitable
condition
of
all
that
occurs
--
the
continuity
of
movement
in
time
)
and
do
not
lose
sight
of
the
essential
connection
of
historical
persons
with
the
masses
.
When
the
ship
moves
in
one
direction
there
is
one
and
the
same
wave
ahead
of
it
,
when
it
turns
frequently
the
wave
ahead
of
it
also
turns
frequently
.
But
wherever
it
may
turn
there
always
will
be
the
wave
anticipating
its
movement
.
Whatever
happens
it
always
appears
that
just
that
event
was
foreseen
and
decreed
.
Wherever
the
ship
may
go
,
the
rush
of
water
which
neither
directs
nor
increases
its
movement
foams
ahead
of
it
,
and
at
a
distance
seems
to
us
not
merely
to
move
of
itself
but
to
govern
the
ship
's
movement
also
.
