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- Стр. 1257/1273
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We
say
that
Napoleon
wished
to
invade
Russia
and
invaded
it
.
In
reality
in
all
Napoleon
's
activity
we
never
find
anything
resembling
an
expression
of
that
wish
,
but
find
a
series
of
orders
,
or
expressions
of
his
will
,
very
variously
and
indefinitely
directed
.
Amid
a
long
series
of
unexecuted
orders
of
Napoleon
's
one
series
,
for
the
campaign
of
1812
,
was
carried
out
--
not
because
those
orders
differed
in
any
way
from
the
other
,
unexecuted
orders
but
because
they
coincided
with
the
course
of
events
that
led
the
French
army
into
Russia
;
just
as
in
stencil
work
this
or
that
figure
comes
out
not
because
the
color
was
laid
on
from
this
side
or
in
that
way
,
but
because
it
was
laid
on
from
all
sides
over
the
figure
cut
in
the
stencil
.
So
that
examining
the
relation
in
time
of
the
commands
to
the
events
,
we
find
that
a
command
can
never
be
the
cause
of
the
event
,
but
that
a
certain
definite
dependence
exists
between
the
two
.
To
understand
in
what
this
dependence
consists
it
is
necessary
to
reinstate
another
omitted
condition
of
every
command
proceeding
not
from
the
Deity
but
from
a
man
,
which
is
,
that
the
man
who
gives
the
command
himself
takes
part
in
the
event
.
This
relation
of
the
commander
to
those
he
commands
is
just
what
is
called
power
.
This
relation
consists
in
the
following
:
For
common
action
people
always
unite
in
certain
combinations
,
in
which
regardless
of
the
difference
of
the
aims
set
for
the
common
action
,
the
relation
between
those
taking
part
in
it
is
always
the
same
.
Men
uniting
in
these
combinations
always
assume
such
relations
toward
one
another
that
the
larger
number
take
a
more
direct
share
,
and
the
smaller
number
a
less
direct
share
,
in
the
collective
action
for
which
they
have
combined
.
Of
all
the
combinations
in
which
men
unite
for
collective
action
one
of
the
most
striking
and
definite
examples
is
an
army
.
Every
army
is
composed
of
lower
grades
of
the
service
--
the
rank
and
file
--
of
whom
there
are
always
the
greatest
number
;
of
the
next
higher
military
rank
--
corporals
and
noncommissioned
officers
of
whom
there
are
fewer
,
and
of
still-higher
officers
of
whom
there
are
still
fewer
,
and
so
on
to
the
highest
military
command
which
is
concentrated
in
one
person
.
A
military
organization
may
be
quite
correctly
compared
to
a
cone
,
of
which
the
base
with
the
largest
diameter
consists
of
the
rank
and
file
;
the
next
higher
and
smaller
section
of
the
cone
consists
of
the
next
higher
grades
of
the
army
,
and
so
on
to
the
apex
,
the
point
of
which
will
represent
the
commander
in
chief
.
The
soldiers
,
of
whom
there
are
the
most
,
form
the
lower
section
of
the
cone
and
its
base
.
The
soldier
himself
does
the
stabbing
,
hacking
,
burning
,
and
pillaging
,
and
always
receives
orders
for
these
actions
from
men
above
him
;
he
himself
never
gives
an
order
.
