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- Стр. 1258/1273
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The
noncommissioned
officers
(
of
whom
there
are
fewer
)
perform
the
action
itself
less
frequently
than
the
soldiers
,
but
they
already
give
commands
.
An
officer
still
less
often
acts
directly
himself
,
but
commands
still
more
frequently
.
A
general
does
nothing
but
command
the
troops
,
indicates
the
objective
,
and
hardly
ever
uses
a
weapon
himself
.
The
commander
in
chief
never
takes
direct
part
in
the
action
itself
,
but
only
gives
general
orders
concerning
the
movement
of
the
mass
of
the
troops
.
A
similar
relation
of
people
to
one
another
is
seen
in
every
combination
of
men
for
common
activity
--
in
agriculture
,
trade
,
and
every
administration
.
And
so
without
particularly
analyzing
all
the
contiguous
sections
of
a
cone
and
of
the
ranks
of
an
army
,
or
the
ranks
and
positions
in
any
administrative
or
public
business
whatever
from
the
lowest
to
the
highest
,
we
see
a
law
by
which
men
,
to
take
associated
action
,
combine
in
such
relations
that
the
more
directly
they
participate
in
performing
the
action
the
less
they
can
command
and
the
more
numerous
they
are
,
while
the
less
their
direct
participation
in
the
action
itself
,
the
more
they
command
and
the
fewer
of
them
there
are
;
rising
in
this
way
from
the
lowest
ranks
to
the
man
at
the
top
,
who
takes
the
least
direct
share
in
the
action
and
directs
his
activity
chiefly
to
commanding
.
This
relation
of
the
men
who
command
to
those
they
command
is
what
constitutes
the
essence
of
the
conception
called
power
.
Having
restored
the
condition
of
time
under
which
all
events
occur
,
we
find
that
a
command
is
executed
only
when
it
is
related
to
a
corresponding
series
of
events
Restoring
the
essential
condition
of
relation
between
those
who
command
and
those
who
execute
,
we
find
that
by
the
very
nature
of
the
case
those
who
command
take
the
smallest
part
in
the
action
itself
and
that
their
activity
is
exclusively
directed
to
commanding
.
When
an
event
is
taking
place
people
express
their
opinions
and
wishes
about
it
,
and
as
the
event
results
from
the
collective
activity
of
many
people
,
some
one
of
the
opinions
or
wishes
expressed
is
sure
to
be
fulfilled
if
but
approximately
.
When
one
of
the
opinions
expressed
is
fulfilled
,
that
opinion
gets
connected
with
the
event
as
a
command
preceding
it
.
Men
are
hauling
a
log
.
Each
of
them
expresses
his
opinion
as
to
how
and
where
to
haul
it
.
They
haul
the
log
away
,
and
it
happens
that
this
is
done
as
one
of
them
said
.
He
ordered
it
.
There
we
have
command
and
power
in
their
primary
form
.
The
man
who
worked
most
with
his
hands
could
not
think
so
much
about
what
he
was
doing
,
or
reflect
on
or
command
what
would
result
from
the
common
activity
;
while
the
man
who
commanded
more
would
evidently
work
less
with
his
hands
on
account
of
his
greater
verbal
activity
.
When
some
larger
concourse
of
men
direct
their
activity
to
a
common
aim
there
is
a
yet
sharper
division
of
those
who
,
because
their
activity
is
given
to
directing
and
commanding
,
take
less
part
in
the
direct
work
.
When
a
man
works
alone
he
always
has
a
certain
set
of
reflections
which
as
it
seems
to
him
directed
his
past
activity
,
justify
his
present
activity
,
and
guide
him
in
planning
his
future
actions
.
Just
the
same
is
done
by
a
concourse
of
people
,
allowing
those
who
do
not
take
a
direct
part
in
the
activity
to
devise
considerations
,
justifications
,
and
surmises
concerning
their
collective
activity
.
For
reasons
known
or
unknown
to
us
the
French
began
to
drown
and
kill
one
another
.
