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- Стр. 1270/1273
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The
great
natural
forces
lie
outside
us
and
we
are
not
conscious
of
them
;
we
call
those
forces
gravitation
,
inertia
,
electricity
,
animal
force
,
and
so
on
,
but
we
are
conscious
of
the
force
of
life
in
man
and
we
call
that
freedom
.
But
just
as
the
force
of
gravitation
,
incomprehensible
in
itself
but
felt
by
every
man
,
is
understood
by
us
only
to
the
extent
to
which
we
know
the
laws
of
inevitability
to
which
it
is
subject
(
from
the
first
knowledge
that
all
bodies
have
weight
,
up
to
Newton
's
law
)
,
so
too
the
force
of
free
will
,
incomprehensible
in
itself
but
of
which
everyone
is
conscious
,
is
intelligible
to
us
only
in
as
far
as
we
know
the
laws
of
inevitability
to
which
it
is
subject
(
from
the
fact
that
every
man
dies
,
up
to
the
knowledge
of
the
most
complex
economic
and
historic
laws
)
.
All
knowledge
is
merely
a
bringing
of
this
essence
of
life
under
the
laws
of
reason
.
Man
's
free
will
differs
from
every
other
force
in
that
man
is
directly
conscious
of
it
,
but
in
the
eyes
of
reason
it
in
no
way
differs
from
any
other
force
.
The
forces
of
gravitation
,
electricity
,
or
chemical
affinity
are
only
distinguished
from
one
another
in
that
they
are
differently
defined
by
reason
.
Just
so
the
force
of
man
's
free
will
is
distinguished
by
reason
from
the
other
forces
of
nature
only
by
the
definition
reason
gives
it
.
Freedom
,
apart
from
necessity
,
that
is
,
apart
from
the
laws
of
reason
that
define
it
,
differs
in
no
way
from
gravitation
,
or
heat
,
or
the
force
that
makes
things
grow
;
for
reason
,
it
is
only
a
momentary
undefinable
sensation
of
life
.
And
as
the
undefinable
essence
of
the
force
moving
the
heavenly
bodies
,
the
undefinable
essence
of
the
forces
of
heat
and
electricity
,
or
of
chemical
affinity
,
or
of
the
vital
force
,
forms
the
content
of
astronomy
,
physics
,
chemistry
,
botany
,
zoology
,
and
so
on
,
just
in
the
same
way
does
the
force
of
free
will
form
the
content
of
history
.
But
just
as
the
subject
of
every
science
is
the
manifestation
of
this
unknown
essence
of
life
while
that
essence
itself
can
only
be
the
subject
of
metaphysics
,
even
the
manifestation
of
the
force
of
free
will
in
human
beings
in
space
,
in
time
,
and
in
dependence
on
cause
forms
the
subject
of
history
,
while
free
will
itself
is
the
subject
of
metaphysics
.
In
the
experimental
sciences
what
we
know
we
call
the
laws
of
inevitability
,
what
is
unknown
to
us
we
call
vital
force
.
Vital
force
is
only
an
expression
for
the
unknown
remainder
over
and
above
what
we
know
of
the
essence
of
life
So
also
in
history
what
is
known
to
us
we
call
laws
of
inevitability
,
what
is
unknown
we
call
free
will
.
Free
will
is
for
history
only
an
expression
for
the
unknown
remainder
of
what
we
know
about
the
laws
of
human
life
.
History
examines
the
manifestations
of
man
's
free
will
in
connection
with
the
external
world
in
time
and
in
dependence
on
cause
,
that
is
,
it
defines
this
freedom
by
the
laws
of
reason
,
and
so
history
is
a
science
only
in
so
far
as
this
free
will
is
defined
by
those
laws
.
The
recognition
of
man
's
free
will
as
something
capable
of
influencing
historical
events
,
that
is
,
as
not
subject
to
laws
,
is
the
same
for
history
as
the
recognition
of
a
free
force
moving
the
heavenly
bodies
would
be
for
astronomy
.
That
assumption
would
destroy
the
possibility
of
the
existence
of
laws
,
that
is
,
of
any
science
whatever
.
If
there
is
even
a
single
body
moving
freely
,
then
the
laws
of
Kepler
and
Newton
are
negatived
and
no
conception
of
the
movement
of
the
heavenly
bodies
any
longer
exists
.
If
any
single
action
is
due
to
free
will
,
then
not
a
single
historical
law
can
exist
,
nor
any
conception
of
historical
events
.
