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- Стр. 1271/1273
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For
history
,
lines
exist
of
the
movement
of
human
wills
,
one
end
of
which
is
hidden
in
the
unknown
but
at
the
other
end
of
which
a
consciousness
of
man
's
will
in
the
present
moves
in
space
,
time
,
and
dependence
on
cause
.
The
more
this
field
of
motion
spreads
out
before
our
eyes
,
the
more
evident
are
the
laws
of
that
movement
.
To
discover
and
define
those
laws
is
the
problem
of
history
.
From
the
standpoint
from
which
the
science
of
history
now
regards
its
subject
on
the
path
it
now
follows
,
seeking
the
causes
of
events
in
man
's
free
will
,
a
scientific
enunciation
of
those
laws
is
impossible
,
for
however
man
's
free
will
may
be
restricted
,
as
soon
as
we
recognize
it
as
a
force
not
subject
to
law
,
the
existence
of
law
becomes
impossible
.
Only
by
reducing
this
element
of
free
will
to
the
infinitesimal
,
that
is
,
by
regarding
it
as
an
infinitely
small
quantity
,
can
we
convince
ourselves
of
the
absolute
inaccessibility
of
the
causes
,
and
then
instead
of
seeking
causes
,
history
will
take
the
discovery
of
laws
as
its
problem
.
The
search
for
these
laws
has
long
been
begun
and
the
new
methods
of
thought
which
history
must
adopt
are
being
worked
out
simultaneously
with
the
self-destruction
toward
which
--
ever
dissecting
and
dissecting
the
causes
of
phenomena
--
the
old
method
of
history
is
moving
.
All
human
sciences
have
traveled
along
that
path
.
Arriving
at
infinitesimals
,
mathematics
,
the
most
exact
of
sciences
,
abandons
the
process
of
analysis
and
enters
on
the
new
process
of
the
integration
of
unknown
,
infinitely
small
,
quantities
.
Abandoning
the
conception
of
cause
,
mathematics
seeks
law
,
that
is
,
the
property
common
to
all
unknown
,
infinitely
small
,
elements
.
In
another
form
but
along
the
same
path
of
reflection
the
other
sciences
have
proceeded
When
Newton
enunciated
the
law
of
gravity
he
did
not
say
that
the
sun
or
the
earth
had
a
property
of
attraction
;
he
said
that
all
bodies
from
the
largest
to
the
smallest
have
the
property
of
attracting
one
another
,
that
is
,
leaving
aside
the
question
of
the
cause
of
the
movement
of
the
bodies
,
he
expressed
the
property
common
to
all
bodies
from
the
infinitely
large
to
the
infinitely
small
.
The
same
is
done
by
the
natural
sciences
:
leaving
aside
the
question
of
cause
,
they
seek
for
laws
.
History
stands
on
the
same
path
.
And
if
history
has
for
its
object
the
study
of
the
movement
of
the
nations
and
of
humanity
and
not
the
narration
of
episodes
in
the
lives
of
individuals
,
it
too
,
setting
aside
the
conception
of
cause
,
should
seek
the
laws
common
to
all
the
inseparably
interconnected
infinitesimal
elements
of
free
will
.
From
the
time
the
law
of
Copernicus
was
discovered
and
proved
,
the
mere
recognition
of
the
fact
that
it
was
not
the
sun
but
the
earth
that
moves
sufficed
to
destroy
the
whole
cosmography
of
the
ancients
.
By
disproving
that
law
it
might
have
been
possible
to
retain
the
old
conception
of
the
movements
of
the
bodies
,
but
without
disproving
it
,
it
would
seem
impossible
to
continue
studying
the
Ptolemaic
worlds
.
But
even
after
the
discovery
of
the
law
of
Copernicus
the
Ptolemaic
worlds
were
still
studied
for
a
long
time
.
From
the
time
the
first
person
said
and
proved
that
the
number
of
births
or
of
crimes
is
subject
to
mathematical
laws
,
and
that
this
or
that
mode
of
government
is
determined
by
certain
geographical
and
economic
conditions
,
and
that
certain
relations
of
population
to
soil
produce
migrations
of
peoples
,
the
foundations
on
which
history
had
been
built
were
destroyed
in
their
essence
.
