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- Стр. 1263/1273
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A
man
having
no
freedom
can
not
be
conceived
of
except
as
deprived
of
life
.
If
the
conception
of
freedom
appears
to
reason
to
be
a
senseless
contradiction
like
the
possibility
of
performing
two
actions
at
one
and
the
same
instant
of
time
,
or
of
an
effect
without
a
cause
,
that
only
proves
that
consciousness
is
not
subject
to
reason
.
This
unshakable
,
irrefutable
consciousness
of
freedom
,
uncontrolled
by
experiment
or
argument
,
recognized
by
all
thinkers
and
felt
by
everyone
without
exception
,
this
consciousness
without
which
no
conception
of
man
is
possible
constitutes
the
other
side
of
the
question
.
Man
is
the
creation
of
an
all-powerful
,
all-good
,
and
all-seeing
God
.
What
is
sin
,
the
conception
of
which
arises
from
the
consciousness
of
man
's
freedom
?
That
is
a
question
for
theology
.
The
actions
of
men
are
subject
to
general
immutable
laws
expressed
in
statistics
.
What
is
man
's
responsibility
to
society
,
the
conception
of
which
results
from
the
conception
of
freedom
?
That
is
a
question
for
jurisprudence
.
Man
's
actions
proceed
from
his
innate
character
and
the
motives
acting
upon
him
.
What
is
conscience
and
the
perception
of
right
and
wrong
in
actions
that
follows
from
the
consciousness
of
freedom
?
That
is
a
question
for
ethics
.
Man
in
connection
with
the
general
life
of
humanity
appears
subject
to
laws
which
determine
that
life
.
But
the
same
man
apart
from
that
connection
appears
to
be
free
.
How
should
the
past
life
of
nations
and
of
humanity
be
regarded
--
as
the
result
of
the
free
,
or
as
the
result
of
the
constrained
,
activity
of
man
?
That
is
a
question
for
history
.
Only
in
our
self-confident
day
of
the
popularization
of
knowledge
--
thanks
to
that
most
powerful
engine
of
ignorance
,
the
diffusion
of
printed
matter
--
has
the
question
of
the
freedom
of
will
been
put
on
a
level
on
which
the
question
itself
can
not
exist
.
In
our
time
the
majority
of
so-called
advanced
people
--
that
is
,
the
crowd
of
ignoramuses
--
have
taken
the
work
of
the
naturalists
who
deal
with
one
side
of
the
question
for
a
solution
of
the
whole
problem
.
They
say
and
write
and
print
that
the
soul
and
freedom
do
not
exist
,
for
the
life
of
man
is
expressed
by
muscular
movements
and
muscular
movements
are
conditioned
by
the
activity
of
the
nerves
;
the
soul
and
free
will
do
not
exist
because
at
an
unknown
period
of
time
we
sprang
from
the
apes
.
They
say
this
,
not
at
all
suspecting
that
thousands
of
years
ago
that
same
law
of
necessity
which
with
such
ardor
they
are
now
trying
to
prove
by
physiology
and
comparative
zoology
was
not
merely
acknowledged
by
all
the
religions
and
all
the
thinkers
,
but
has
never
been
denied
.
They
do
not
see
that
the
role
of
the
natural
sciences
in
this
matter
is
merely
to
serve
as
an
instrument
for
the
illumination
of
one
side
of
it
.
For
the
fact
that
,
from
the
point
of
view
of
observation
,
reason
and
the
will
are
merely
secretions
of
the
brain
,
and
that
man
following
the
general
law
may
have
developed
from
lower
animals
at
some
unknown
period
of
time
,
only
explains
from
a
fresh
side
the
truth
admitted
thousands
of
years
ago
by
all
the
religious
and
philosophic
theories
--
that
from
the
point
of
view
of
reason
man
is
subject
to
the
law
of
necessity
;
but
it
does
not
advance
by
a
hair
's
breadth
the
solution
of
the
question
,
which
has
another
,
opposite
,
side
,
based
on
the
consciousness
of
freedom
.
