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J.
M.
BELFAST
,
Director
of
the
Observatory
of
Cambridge
.
An
observer
endued
with
an
infinite
range
of
vision
,
and
placed
in
that
unknown
center
around
which
the
entire
world
revolves
,
might
have
beheld
myriads
of
atoms
filling
all
space
during
the
chaotic
epoch
of
the
universe
.
Little
by
little
,
as
ages
went
on
,
a
change
took
place
;
a
general
law
of
attraction
manifested
itself
,
to
which
the
hitherto
errant
atoms
became
obedient
:
these
atoms
combined
together
chemically
according
to
their
affinities
,
formed
themselves
into
molecules
,
and
composed
those
nebulous
masses
with
which
the
depths
of
the
heavens
are
strewed
.
These
masses
became
immediately
endued
with
a
rotary
motion
around
their
own
central
point
.
This
center
,
formed
of
indefinite
molecules
,
began
to
revolve
around
its
own
axis
during
its
gradual
condensation
;
then
,
following
the
immutable
laws
of
mechanics
,
in
proportion
as
its
bulk
diminished
by
condensation
,
its
rotary
motion
became
accelerated
,
and
these
two
effects
continuing
,
the
result
was
the
formation
of
one
principal
star
,
the
center
of
the
nebulous
mass
.
By
attentively
watching
,
the
observer
would
then
have
perceived
the
other
molecules
of
the
mass
,
following
the
example
of
this
central
star
,
become
likewise
condensed
by
gradually
accelerated
rotation
,
and
gravitating
round
it
in
the
shape
of
innumerable
stars
.
Thus
was
formed
the
Nebulae
,
of
which
astronomers
have
reckoned
up
nearly
5,000
.
Among
these
5,000
nebulae
there
is
one
which
has
received
the
name
of
the
Milky
Way
,
and
which
contains
eighteen
millions
of
stars
,
each
of
which
has
become
the
center
of
a
solar
world
.
If
the
observer
had
then
specially
directed
his
attention
to
one
of
the
more
humble
and
less
brilliant
of
these
stellar
bodies
,
a
star
of
the
fourth
class
,
that
which
is
arrogantly
called
the
Sun
,
all
the
phenomena
to
which
the
formation
of
the
Universe
is
to
be
ascribed
would
have
been
successively
fulfilled
before
his
eyes
.
In
fact
,
he
would
have
perceived
this
sun
,
as
yet
in
the
gaseous
state
,
and
composed
of
moving
molecules
,
revolving
round
its
axis
in
order
to
accomplish
its
work
of
concentration
.
This
motion
,
faithful
to
the
laws
of
mechanics
,
would
have
been
accelerated
with
the
diminution
of
its
volume
;
and
a
moment
would
have
arrived
when
the
centrifugal
force
would
have
overpowered
the
centripetal
,
which
causes
the
molecules
all
to
tend
toward
the
center
.
Another
phenomenon
would
now
have
passed
before
the
observer
's
eye
,
and
the
molecules
situated
on
the
plane
of
the
equator
,
escaping
like
a
stone
from
a
sling
of
which
the
cord
had
suddenly
snapped
,
would
have
formed
around
the
sun
sundry
concentric
rings
resembling
that
of
Saturn
.
In
their
turn
,
again
,
these
rings
of
cosmical
matter
,
excited
by
a
rotary
motion
about
the
central
mass
,
would
have
been
broken
up
and
decomposed
into
secondary
nebulosities
,
that
is
to
say
,
into
planets
.
Similarly
he
would
have
observed
these
planets
throw
off
one
or
more
rings
each
,
which
became
the
origin
of
the
secondary
bodies
which
we
call
satellites
.
Thus
,
then
,
advancing
from
atom
to
molecule
,
from
molecule
to
nebulous
mass
,
from
that
to
principal
star
,
from
star
to
sun
,
from
sun
to
planet
,
and
hence
to
satellite
,
we
have
the
whole
series
of
transformations
undergone
by
the
heavenly
bodies
during
the
first
days
of
the
world
.
Now
,
of
those
attendant
bodies
which
the
sun
maintains
in
their
elliptical
orbits
by
the
great
law
of
gravitation
,
some
few
in
turn
possess
satellites
.
Uranus
has
eight
,
Saturn
eight
,
Jupiter
four
,
Neptune
possibly
three
,
and
the
Earth
one
.
This
last
,
one
of
the
least
important
of
the
entire
solar
system
,
we
call
the
Moon
;
and
it
is
she
whom
the
daring
genius
of
the
Americans
professed
their
intention
of
conquering
.
The
moon
,
by
her
comparative
proximity
,
and
the
constantly
varying
appearances
produced
by
her
several
phases
,
has
always
occupied
a
considerable
share
of
the
attention
of
the
inhabitants
of
the
earth
.
