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The
people
of
the
west
moved
eastwards
to
slay
their
fellow
men
,
and
by
the
law
of
coincidence
thousands
of
minute
causes
fitted
in
and
co-ordinated
to
produce
that
movement
and
war
:
reproaches
for
the
nonobservance
of
the
Continental
System
,
the
Duke
of
Oldenburg
's
wrongs
,
the
movement
of
troops
into
Prussia
--
undertaken
(
as
it
seemed
to
Napoleon
)
only
for
the
purpose
of
securing
an
armed
peace
,
the
French
Emperor
's
love
and
habit
of
war
coinciding
with
his
people
's
inclinations
,
allurement
by
the
grandeur
of
the
preparations
,
and
the
expenditure
on
those
preparations
and
the
need
of
obtaining
advantages
to
compensate
for
that
expenditure
,
the
intoxicating
honors
he
received
in
Dresden
,
the
diplomatic
negotiations
which
,
in
the
opinion
of
contemporaries
,
were
carried
on
with
a
sincere
desire
to
attain
peace
,
but
which
only
wounded
the
self-love
of
both
sides
,
and
millions
of
other
causes
that
adapted
themselves
to
the
event
that
was
happening
or
coincided
with
it
When
an
apple
has
ripened
and
falls
,
why
does
it
fall
?
Because
of
its
attraction
to
the
earth
,
because
its
stalk
withers
,
because
it
is
dried
by
the
sun
,
because
it
grows
heavier
,
because
the
wind
shakes
it
,
or
because
the
boy
standing
below
wants
to
eat
it
?
Nothing
is
the
cause
.
All
this
is
only
the
coincidence
of
conditions
in
which
all
vital
organic
and
elemental
events
occur
.
And
the
botanist
who
finds
that
the
apple
falls
because
the
cellular
tissue
decays
and
so
forth
is
equally
right
with
the
child
who
stands
under
the
tree
and
says
the
apple
fell
because
he
wanted
to
eat
it
and
prayed
for
it
.
Equally
right
or
wrong
is
he
who
says
that
Napoleon
went
to
Moscow
because
he
wanted
to
,
and
perished
because
Alexander
desired
his
destruction
,
and
he
who
says
that
an
undermined
hill
weighing
a
million
tons
fell
because
the
last
navvy
struck
it
for
the
last
time
with
his
mattock
.
In
historic
events
the
so-called
great
men
are
labels
giving
names
to
events
,
and
like
labels
they
have
but
the
smallest
connection
with
the
event
itself
.
Every
act
of
theirs
,
which
appears
to
them
an
act
of
their
own
will
,
is
in
an
historical
sense
involuntary
and
is
related
to
the
whole
course
of
history
and
predestined
from
eternity
.
On
the
twenty-ninth
of
May
Napoleon
left
Dresden
,
where
he
had
spent
three
weeks
surrounded
by
a
court
that
included
princes
,
dukes
,
kings
,
and
even
an
emperor
.
Before
leaving
,
Napoleon
showed
favor
to
the
emperor
,
kings
,
and
princes
who
had
deserved
it
,
reprimanded
the
kings
and
princes
with
whom
he
was
dissatisfied
,
presented
pearls
and
diamonds
of
his
own
--
that
is
,
which
he
had
taken
from
other
kings
--
to
the
Empress
of
Austria
,
and
having
,
as
his
historian
tells
us
,
tenderly
embraced
the
Empress
Marie
Louise
--
who
regarded
him
as
her
husband
,
though
he
had
left
another
wife
in
Paris
--
left
her
grieved
by
the
parting
which
she
seemed
hardly
able
to
bear
.
Though
the
diplomatists
still
firmly
believed
in
the
possibility
of
peace
and
worked
zealously
to
that
end
,
and
though
the
Emperor
Napoleon
himself
wrote
a
letter
to
Alexander
,
calling
him
Monsieur
mon
frère
,
and
sincerely
assured
him
that
he
did
not
want
war
and
would
always
love
and
honor
him
--
yet
he
set
off
to
join
his
army
,
and
at
every
station
gave
fresh
orders
to
accelerate
the
movement
of
his
troops
from
west
to
east
.
He
went
in
a
traveling
coach
with
six
horses
,
surrounded
by
pages
,
aides-de-camp
,
and
an
escort
,
along
the
road
to
Posen
,
Thorn
,
Danzig
,
and
Königsberg
.
At
each
of
these
towns
thousands
of
people
met
him
with
excitement
and
enthusiasm
.
The
army
was
moving
from
west
to
east
,
and
relays
of
six
horses
carried
him
in
the
same
direction
.
On
the
tenth
of
June
,
*
coming
up
with
the
army
,
he
spent
the
night
in
apartments
prepared
for
him
on
the
estate
of
a
Polish
count
in
the
Vilkavisski
forest
.
*
Old
style
.
Next
day
,
overtaking
the
army
,
he
went
in
a
carriage
to
the
Niemen
,
and
,
changing
into
a
Polish
uniform
,
he
drove
to
the
riverbank
in
order
to
select
a
place
for
the
crossing
.
Seeing
,
on
the
other
side
,
some
Cossacks
(
les
Cosaques
)
and
the
wide-spreading
steppes
in
the
midst
of
which
lay
the
holy
city
of
Moscow
(
Moscou
,
la
ville
sainte
)
,
the
capital
of
a
realm
such
as
the
Scythia
into
which
Alexander
the
Great
had
marched
--
Napoleon
unexpectedly
,
and
contrary
alike
to
strategic
and
diplomatic
considerations
,
ordered
an
advance
,
and
the
next
day
his
army
began
to
cross
the
Niemen
.
Early
in
the
morning
of
the
twelfth
of
June
he
came
out
of
his
tent
,
which
was
pitched
that
day
on
the
steep
left
bank
of
the
Niemen
,
and
looked
through
a
spyglass
at
the
streams
of
his
troops
pouring
out
of
the
Vilkavisski
forest
and
flowing
over
the
three
bridges
thrown
across
the
river
.
The
troops
,
knowing
of
the
Emperor
's
presence
,
were
on
the
lookout
for
him
,
and
when
they
caught
sight
of
a
figure
in
an
overcoat
and
a
cocked
hat
standing
apart
from
his
suite
in
front
of
his
tent
on
the
hill
,
they
threw
up
their
caps
and
shouted
:
"
Vive
l'Empereur
!
"
and
one
after
another
poured
in
a
ceaseless
stream
out
of
the
vast
forest
that
had
concealed
them
and
,
separating
,
flowed
on
and
on
by
the
three
bridges
to
the
other
side
.
