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The
actions
of
Napoleon
and
Alexander
,
on
whose
words
the
event
seemed
to
hang
,
were
as
little
voluntary
as
the
actions
of
any
soldier
who
was
drawn
into
the
campaign
by
lot
or
by
conscription
.
This
could
not
be
otherwise
,
for
in
order
that
the
will
of
Napoleon
and
Alexander
(
on
whom
the
event
seemed
to
depend
)
should
be
carried
out
,
the
concurrence
of
innumerable
circumstances
was
needed
without
any
one
of
which
the
event
could
not
have
taken
place
.
It
was
necessary
that
millions
of
men
in
whose
hands
lay
the
real
power
--
the
soldiers
who
fired
,
or
transported
provisions
and
guns
--
should
consent
to
carry
out
the
will
of
these
weak
individuals
,
and
should
have
been
induced
to
do
so
by
an
infinite
number
of
diverse
and
complex
causes
.
We
are
forced
to
fall
back
on
fatalism
as
an
explanation
of
irrational
events
(
that
is
to
say
,
events
the
reasonableness
of
which
we
do
not
understand
)
.
The
more
we
try
to
explain
such
events
in
history
reasonably
,
the
more
unreasonable
and
incomprehensible
do
they
become
to
us
.
Each
man
lives
for
himself
,
using
his
freedom
to
attain
his
personal
aims
,
and
feels
with
his
whole
being
that
he
can
now
do
or
abstain
from
doing
this
or
that
action
;
but
as
soon
as
he
has
done
it
,
that
action
performed
at
a
certain
moment
in
time
becomes
irrevocable
and
belongs
to
history
,
in
which
it
has
not
a
free
but
a
predestined
significance
.
There
are
two
sides
to
the
life
of
every
man
,
his
individual
life
,
which
is
the
more
free
the
more
abstract
its
interests
,
and
his
elemental
hive
life
in
which
he
inevitably
obeys
laws
laid
down
for
him
.
Man
lives
consciously
for
himself
,
but
is
an
unconscious
instrument
in
the
attainment
of
the
historic
,
universal
,
aims
of
humanity
.
A
deed
done
is
irrevocable
,
and
its
result
coinciding
in
time
with
the
actions
of
millions
of
other
men
assumes
an
historic
significance
.
The
higher
a
man
stands
on
the
social
ladder
,
the
more
people
he
is
connected
with
and
the
more
power
he
has
over
others
,
the
more
evident
is
the
predestination
and
inevitability
of
his
every
action
.
"
The
king
's
heart
is
in
the
hands
of
the
Lord
.
"
A
king
is
history
's
slave
.
History
,
that
is
,
the
unconscious
,
general
,
hive
life
of
mankind
,
uses
every
moment
of
the
life
of
kings
as
a
tool
for
its
own
purposes
.
Though
Napoleon
at
that
time
,
in
1812
,
was
more
convinced
than
ever
that
it
depended
on
him
,
verser
(
ou
ne
pas
verser
)
le
sang
de
ses
peuples
*
--
as
Alexander
expressed
it
in
the
last
letter
he
wrote
him
--
he
had
never
been
so
much
in
the
grip
of
inevitable
laws
,
which
compelled
him
,
while
thinking
that
he
was
acting
on
his
own
volition
,
to
perform
for
the
hive
life
--
that
is
to
say
,
for
history
--
whatever
had
to
be
performed
.
*
"
To
shed
(
or
not
to
shed
)
the
blood
of
his
peoples
.
"
