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However
,
that
was
as
yet
only
a
purely
theoretical
declaration
.
The
slave-ships
did
not
cease
to
cross
the
seas
,
and
to
dispose
of
their
"
ebony
cargoes
"
in
colonial
ports
.
More
practical
measures
must
be
taken
in
order
to
put
an
end
to
this
commerce
.
The
United
States
,
in
1820
,
and
England
,
in
1824
,
declared
the
slave
trade
an
act
of
piracy
,
and
those
who
practised
it
pirates
.
As
such
,
they
drew
on
themselves
the
penalty
of
death
,
and
they
were
pursued
to
the
end
.
France
soon
adhered
to
the
new
treaty
;
but
the
States
of
South
America
,
and
the
Spanish
and
Portuguese
colonies
,
did
not
join
in
the
Act
of
Abolition
.
The
exportation
of
blacks
then
continued
to
their
profit
,
notwithstanding
the
right
of
search
generally
recognized
,
which
was
limited
to
the
verification
of
the
flag
of
suspicious
vessels
.
Meanwhile
,
the
new
Law
of
Abolition
had
not
a
retroactive
effect
.
No
more
new
slaves
were
made
,
but
the
old
ones
had
not
yet
recovered
their
liberty
.
It
was
under
those
circumstances
that
England
set
an
example
.
In
May
,
1833
,
a
general
declaration
emancipated
all
the
blacks
in
the
colonies
of
Great
Britain
,
and
in
August
,
1838
,
six
hundred
and
seventy
thousand
slaves
were
declared
free
.
Ten
years
later
,
in
1848
,
the
Republic
emancipated
the
slaves
of
the
French
colonies
,
say
about
two
hundred
and
sixty
thousand
blacks
.
In
1861
,
the
war
which
broke
out
between
the
Federals
and
Confederates
,
of
the
United
States
,
finishing
the
work
of
emancipation
,
extended
it
to
all
North
America
.
The
three
great
powers
had
then
accomplished
this
work
of
humanity
.
At
the
present
hour
,
the
trade
is
no
longer
carried
on
,
except
for
the
benefit
of
the
Spanish
and
Portuguese
colonies
,
and
to
satisfy
the
wants
of
the
populations
of
the
Orient
,
Turks
,
or
Arabs
.
Brazil
,
if
she
has
not
yet
restored
her
old
slaves
to
liberty
,
at
least
no
longer
receives
new
ones
,
and
the
children
of
the
blacks
are
born
free
there
.
It
is
in
the
interior
of
Africa
,
in
the
prosecution
of
those
bloody
wars
,
waged
by
the
African
chiefs
among
themselves
for
this
man-hunt
,
that
entire
tribes
are
reduced
to
slavery
.
Two
opposite
directions
are
then
given
to
the
caravans
:
one
to
the
west
,
toward
the
Portuguese
colony
of
Angola
;
the
other
to
the
east
,
on
the
Mozambique
.
Of
these
unfortunate
beings
,
of
whom
only
a
small
portion
arrive
at
their
destination
,
some
are
exported
,
it
may
be
to
Cuba
,
it
may
be
to
Madagascar
;
others
to
the
Arab
or
Turkish
provinces
of
Asia
,
to
Mecca
,
or
to
Muscat
.
The
English
and
French
cruisers
can
only
prevent
this
traffic
to
a
small
extent
,
as
it
is
so
difficult
to
obtain
an
effective
surveillance
over
such
far-extended
coasts
.
But
the
figures
of
these
odious
exportations
,
are
they
still
considerable
?
