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If
the
planter
apprehends
a
frost
,
the
cane
is
winrowed
.
Winrowing
is
the
cutting
the
stalks
at
an
early
period
and
throwing
them
lengthwise
in
the
water
furrow
in
such
a
manner
that
the
tops
will
cover
the
butts
of
the
stalks
.
They
will
remain
in
this
condition
three
weeks
or
a
month
without
souring
,
and
secure
from
frost
.
When
the
proper
time
arrives
,
they
are
taken
up
,
trimmed
and
carted
to
the
sugar-house
.
In
the
month
of
January
the
slaves
enter
the
field
again
to
prepare
for
another
crop
.
The
ground
is
now
strewn
with
the
tops
,
and
flags
cut
from
the
past
year
's
cane
.
On
a
dry
day
fire
is
set
to
this
combustible
refuse
,
which
sweeps
over
the
field
,
leaving
it
bare
and
clean
,
and
ready
for
the
hoes
.
The
earth
is
loosened
about
the
roots
of
the
old
stubble
,
and
in
process
of
time
another
crop
springs
up
from
the
last
year
's
seed
.
It
is
the
same
the
year
following
;
but
the
third
year
the
seed
has
exhausted
its
strength
,
and
the
field
must
be
ploughed
and
planted
again
.
The
second
year
the
cane
is
sweeter
and
yields
more
than
the
first
,
and
the
third
year
more
than
the
second
.
During
the
three
seasons
I
labored
on
Hawkins
'
plantation
,
I
was
employed
a
considerable
portion
of
the
time
in
the
sugar-house
.
He
is
celebrated
as
the
producer
of
the
finest
variety
of
white
sugar
.
The
following
is
a
general
description
of
his
sugar-house
and
the
process
of
manufacture
:
The
mill
is
an
immense
brick
building
,
standing
on
the
shore
of
the
bayou
.
Running
out
from
the
building
is
an
open
shed
,
at
least
an
hundred
feet
in
length
and
forty
or
fifty
feet
in
width
.
The
boiler
in
which
the
steam
is
generated
is
situated
outside
the
main
building
;
the
machinery
and
engine
rest
on
a
brick
pier
,
fifteen
feet
above
the
floor
,
within
the
body
of
the
building
.
The
machinery
turns
two
great
iron
rollers
,
between
two
and
three
feet
in
diameter
and
six
or
eight
feet
in
length
.
They
are
elevated
above
the
brick
pier
,
and
roll
in
towards
each
other
.
An
endless
carrier
,
made
of
chain
and
wood
,
like
leathern
belts
used
in
small
mills
,
extends
from
the
iron
rollers
out
of
the
main
building
and
through
the
entire
length
of
the
open
shed
.
The
carts
in
which
the
cane
is
brought
from
the
field
as
fast
as
it
is
cut
,
are
unloaded
at
the
sides
of
the
shed
.
All
along
the
endless
carrier
are
ranged
slave
children
,
whose
business
it
is
to
place
the
cane
upon
it
,
when
it
is
conveyed
through
the
shed
into
the
main
building
,
where
it
falls
between
the
rollers
,
is
crushed
,
and
drops
upon
another
carrier
that
conveys
it
out
of
the
main
building
in
an
opposite
direction
,
depositing
it
in
the
top
of
a
chimney
upon
a
fire
beneath
,
which
consumes
it
.
It
is
necessary
to
burn
it
in
this
manner
,
because
otherwise
it
would
soon
fill
the
building
,
and
more
especially
because
it
would
soon
sour
and
engender
disease
.
The
juice
of
the
cane
falls
into
a
conductor
underneath
the
iron
rollers
,
and
is
carried
into
a
reservoir
.
Pipes
convey
it
from
thence
into
five
filterers
,
holding
several
hogsheads
each
.
These
filterers
are
filled
with
bone-black
,
a
substance
resembling
pulverized
charcoal
.
It
is
made
of
bones
calcinated
in
close
vessels
,
and
is
used
for
the
purpose
of
decolorizing
,
by
filtration
,
the
cane
juice
before
boiling
.
Through
these
five
filterers
it
passes
in
succession
,
and
then
runs
into
a
large
reservoir
underneath
the
ground
floor
,
from
whence
it
is
carried
up
,
by
means
of
a
steam
pump
,
into
a
clarifier
made
of
sheet
iron
,
where
it
is
heated
by
steam
until
it
boils
.
From
the
first
clarifier
it
is
carried
in
pipes
to
a
second
and
a
third
,
and
thence
into
close
iron
pans
,
through
which
tubes
pass
,
filled
with
steam
.
While
in
a
boiling
state
it
flows
through
three
pans
in
succession
,
and
is
then
carried
in
other
pipes
down
to
the
coolers
on
the
ground
floor
.
Coolers
are
wooden
boxes
with
sieve
bottoms
made
of
the
finest
wire
.
As
soon
as
the
syrup
passes
into
the
coolers
,
and
is
met
by
the
air
,
it
grains
,
and
the
molasses
at
once
escapes
through
the
sieves
into
a
cistern
below
.
It
is
then
white
or
loaf
sugar
of
the
finest
kind
--
clear
,
clean
,
and
as
white
as
snow
.
When
cool
,
it
is
taken
out
,
packed
in
hogsheads
,
and
is
ready
for
market
.
The
molasses
is
then
carried
from
the
cistern
into
the
upper
story
again
,
and
by
another
process
converted
into
brown
sugar
.
There
are
larger
mills
,
and
those
constructed
differently
from
the
one
thus
imperfectly
described
,
but
none
,
perhaps
,
more
celebrated
than
this
anywhere
on
Bayou
Bœuf
.
Lambert
,
of
New-Orleans
,
is
a
partner
of
Hawkins
.
He
is
a
man
of
vast
wealth
,
holding
,
as
I
have
been
told
,
an
interest
in
over
forty
different
sugar
plantations
in
Louisiana
.
*
*
*
The
only
respite
from
constant
labor
the
slave
has
through
the
whole
year
,
is
during
the
Christmas
holidays
.
