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But
they
were
,
as
a
class
,
childlike
in
mentality
,
easily
led
and
from
long
habit
accustomed
to
taking
orders
.
Formerly
their
white
masters
had
given
the
orders
.
Now
they
had
a
new
set
of
masters
,
the
Bureau
and
the
Carpetbaggers
,
and
their
orders
were
:
"
You
're
just
as
good
as
any
white
man
,
so
act
that
way
.
Just
as
soon
as
you
can
vote
the
Republican
ticket
,
you
are
going
to
have
the
white
man
's
property
.
It
's
as
good
as
yours
now
.
Take
it
,
if
you
can
get
it
!
"
Dazzled
by
these
tales
,
freedom
became
a
never-ending
picnic
,
a
barbecue
every
day
of
the
week
,
a
carnival
of
idleness
and
theft
and
insolence
.
Country
negroes
flocked
into
the
cities
,
leaving
the
rural
districts
without
labor
to
make
the
crops
.
Atlanta
was
crowded
with
them
and
still
they
came
by
the
hundreds
,
lazy
and
dangerous
as
a
result
of
the
new
doctrines
being
taught
them
.
Packed
into
squalid
cabins
,
smallpox
,
typhoid
and
tuberculosis
broke
out
among
them
.
Accustomed
to
the
care
of
their
mistresses
when
they
were
ill
in
slave
days
,
they
did
not
know
how
to
nurse
themselves
or
their
sick
.
Relying
upon
their
masters
in
the
old
days
to
care
for
their
aged
and
their
babies
,
they
now
had
no
sense
of
responsibility
for
their
helpless
.
And
the
Bureau
was
far
too
interested
in
political
matters
to
provide
the
care
the
plantation
owners
had
once
given
.
Abandoned
negro
children
ran
like
frightened
animals
about
the
town
until
kind-hearted
white
people
took
them
into
their
kitchens
to
raise
.
Aged
country
darkies
,
deserted
by
their
children
,
bewildered
and
panic
stricken
in
the
bustling
town
,
sat
on
the
curbs
and
cried
to
the
ladies
who
passed
:
"
Mistis
,
please
Ma
'm
,
write
mah
old
Marster
down
in
Fayette
County
dat
Ah
's
up
hyah
.
He
'll
come
tek
dis
ole
nigger
home
agin
.
'
Fo
'
Gawd
,
Ah
done
got
nuff
of
dis
freedom
!
"
The
Freedmen
's
Bureau
,
overwhelmed
by
the
numbers
who
poured
in
upon
them
,
realized
too
late
a
part
of
the
mistake
and
tried
to
send
them
back
to
their
former
owners
.
They
told
the
negroes
that
if
they
would
go
back
,
they
would
go
as
free
workers
,
protected
by
written
contracts
specifying
wages
by
the
day
.
The
old
darkies
went
back
to
the
plantations
gladly
,
making
a
heavier
burden
than
ever
on
the
poverty-stricken
planters
who
had
not
the
heart
to
turn
them
out
,
but
the
young
ones
remained
in
Atlanta
.
They
did
not
want
to
be
workers
of
any
kind
,
anywhere
.
Why
work
when
the
belly
is
full
?
For
the
first
time
in
their
lives
the
negroes
were
able
to
get
all
the
whisky
they
might
want
.
In
slave
days
,
it
was
something
they
never
tasted
except
at
Christmas
,
when
each
one
received
a
"
drap
"
along
with
his
gift
.
Now
they
had
not
only
the
Bureau
agitators
and
the
Carpetbaggers
urging
them
on
,
but
the
incitement
of
whisky
as
well
,
and
outrages
were
inevitable
.
Neither
life
nor
property
was
safe
from
them
and
the
white
people
,
unprotected
by
law
,
were
terrorized
.
Men
were
insulted
on
the
streets
by
drunken
blacks
,
houses
and
barns
were
burned
at
night
,
horses
and
cattle
and
chickens
stolen
in
broad
daylight
,
crimes
of
all
varieties
were
committed
and
few
of
the
perpetrators
were
brought
to
justice
.
But
these
ignominies
and
dangers
were
as
nothing
compared
with
the
peril
of
white
women
,
many
bereft
by
the
war
of
male
protection
,
who
lived
alone
in
the
outlying
districts
and
on
lonely
roads
.
It
was
the
large
number
of
outrages
on
women
and
the
ever-present
fear
for
the
safety
of
their
wives
and
daughters
that
drove
Southern
men
to
cold
and
trembling
fury
and
caused
the
Ku
Klux
Klan
to
spring
up
overnight
.
And
it
was
against
this
nocturnal
organization
that
the
newspapers
of
the
North
cried
out
most
loudly
,
never
realizing
the
tragic
necessity
that
brought
it
into
being
.
The
North
wanted
every
member
of
the
Ku
Klux
hunted
down
and
hanged
,
because
they
had
dared
take
the
punishment
of
crime
into
their
own
hands
at
a
time
when
the
ordinary
processes
of
law
and
order
had
been
overthrown
by
the
invaders
.
Here
was
the
astonishing
spectacle
of
half
a
nation
attempting
,
at
the
point
of
bayonet
,
to
force
upon
the
other
half
the
rule
of
negroes
,
many
of
them
scarcely
one
generation
out
of
the
African
jungles
.
The
vote
must
be
given
to
them
but
it
must
be
denied
to
most
of
their
former
owners
.
The
South
must
be
kept
down
and
disfranchisement
of
the
whites
was
one
way
to
keep
the
South
down
.
Most
of
those
who
had
fought
for
the
Confederacy
,
held
office
under
it
or
given
aid
and
comfort
to
it
were
not
allowed
to
vote
,
had
no
choice
in
the
selection
of
their
public
officials
and
were
wholly
under
the
power
of
an
alien
rule
.
Many
men
,
thinking
soberly
of
General
Lee
's
words
and
example
,
wished
to
take
the
oath
,
become
citizens
again
and
forget
the
past
.
But
they
were
not
permitted
to
take
it
.
Others
who
were
permitted
to
take
the
oath
,
hotly
refused
to
do
so
,
scorning
to
swear
allegiance
to
a
government
which
was
deliberately
subjecting
them
to
cruelty
and
humiliation
.
