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Though
tattered
,
hungry
,
worn
out
,
and
reduced
to
a
third
of
their
original
number
,
the
French
entered
Moscow
in
good
marching
order
.
It
was
a
weary
and
famished
,
but
still
a
fighting
and
menacing
army
.
But
it
remained
an
army
only
until
its
soldiers
had
dispersed
into
their
different
lodgings
.
As
soon
as
the
men
of
the
various
regiments
began
to
disperse
among
the
wealthy
and
deserted
houses
,
the
army
was
lost
forever
and
there
came
into
being
something
nondescript
,
neither
citizens
nor
soldiers
but
what
are
known
as
marauders
.
When
five
weeks
later
these
same
men
left
Moscow
,
they
no
longer
formed
an
army
.
They
were
a
mob
of
marauders
,
each
carrying
a
quantity
of
articles
which
seemed
to
him
valuable
or
useful
.
The
aim
of
each
man
when
he
left
Moscow
was
no
longer
,
as
it
had
been
,
to
conquer
,
but
merely
to
keep
what
he
had
acquired
.
Like
a
monkey
which
puts
its
paw
into
the
narrow
neck
of
a
jug
,
and
having
seized
a
handful
of
nuts
will
not
open
its
fist
for
fear
of
losing
what
it
holds
,
and
therefore
perishes
,
the
French
when
they
left
Moscow
had
inevitably
to
perish
because
they
carried
their
loot
with
them
,
yet
to
abandon
what
they
had
stolen
was
as
impossible
for
them
as
it
is
for
the
monkey
to
open
its
paw
and
let
go
of
its
nuts
.
Ten
minutes
after
each
regiment
had
entered
a
Moscow
district
,
not
a
soldier
or
officer
was
left
.
Men
in
military
uniforms
and
Hessian
boots
could
be
seen
through
the
windows
,
laughing
and
walking
through
the
rooms
.
In
cellars
and
storerooms
similar
men
were
busy
among
the
provisions
,
and
in
the
yards
unlocking
or
breaking
open
coach
house
and
stable
doors
,
lighting
fires
in
kitchens
and
kneading
and
baking
bread
with
rolled-up
sleeves
,
and
cooking
;
or
frightening
,
amusing
,
or
caressing
women
and
children
.
There
were
many
such
men
both
in
the
shops
and
houses
--
but
there
was
no
army
.
Order
after
order
was
issued
by
the
French
commanders
that
day
forbidding
the
men
to
disperse
about
the
town
,
sternly
forbidding
any
violence
to
the
inhabitants
or
any
looting
,
and
announcing
a
roll
call
for
that
very
evening
.
But
despite
all
these
measures
the
men
,
who
had
till
then
constituted
an
army
,
flowed
all
over
the
wealthy
,
deserted
city
with
its
comforts
and
plentiful
supplies
.
As
a
hungry
herd
of
cattle
keeps
well
together
when
crossing
a
barren
field
,
but
gets
out
of
hand
and
at
once
disperses
uncontrollably
as
soon
as
it
reaches
rich
pastures
,
so
did
the
army
disperse
all
over
the
wealthy
city
.
No
residents
were
left
in
Moscow
,
and
the
soldiers
--
like
water
percolating
through
sand
--
spread
irresistibly
through
the
city
in
all
directions
from
the
Krémlin
into
which
they
had
first
marched
.
The
cavalry
,
on
entering
a
merchant
's
house
that
had
been
abandoned
and
finding
there
stabling
more
than
sufficient
for
their
horses
,
went
on
,
all
the
same
,
to
the
next
house
which
seemed
to
them
better
.
Many
of
them
appropriated
several
houses
,
chalked
their
names
on
them
,
and
quarreled
and
even
fought
with
other
companies
for
them
.
Before
they
had
had
time
to
secure
quarters
the
soldiers
ran
out
into
the
streets
to
see
the
city
and
,
hearing
that
everything
had
been
abandoned
,
rushed
to
places
where
valuables
were
to
be
had
for
the
taking
.
The
officers
followed
to
check
the
soldiers
and
were
involuntarily
drawn
into
doing
the
same
.
In
Carriage
Row
carriages
had
been
left
in
the
shops
,
and
generals
flocked
there
to
select
calèches
and
coaches
for
themselves
.
The
few
inhabitants
who
had
remained
invited
commanding
officers
to
their
houses
,
hoping
thereby
to
secure
themselves
from
being
plundered
.
There
were
masses
of
wealth
and
there
seemed
no
end
to
it
.
All
around
the
quarters
occupied
by
the
French
were
other
regions
still
unexplored
and
unoccupied
where
,
they
thought
,
yet
greater
riches
might
be
found
.
And
Moscow
engulfed
the
army
ever
deeper
and
deeper
.
When
water
is
spilled
on
dry
ground
both
the
dry
ground
and
the
water
disappear
and
mud
results
;
and
in
the
same
way
the
entry
of
the
famished
army
into
the
rich
and
deserted
city
resulted
in
fires
and
looting
and
the
destruction
of
both
the
army
and
the
wealthy
city
.
The
French
attributed
the
Fire
of
Moscow
au
patriotisme
féroce
de
Rostopchíne
,
*
the
Russians
to
the
barbarity
of
the
French
.
In
reality
,
however
,
it
was
not
,
and
could
not
be
,
possible
to
explain
the
burning
of
Moscow
by
making
any
individual
,
or
any
group
of
people
,
responsible
for
it
.
Moscow
was
burned
because
it
found
itself
in
a
position
in
which
any
town
built
of
wood
was
bound
to
burn
,
quite
apart
from
whether
it
had
,
or
had
not
,
a
hundred
and
thirty
inferior
fire
engines
.
Deserted
Moscow
had
to
burn
as
inevitably
as
a
heap
of
shavings
has
to
burn
on
which
sparks
continually
fall
for
several
days
.
A
town
built
of
wood
,
where
scarcely
a
day
passes
without
conflagrations
when
the
house
owners
are
in
residence
and
a
police
force
is
present
,
can
not
help
burning
when
its
inhabitants
have
left
it
and
it
is
occupied
by
soldiers
who
smoke
pipes
,
make
campfires
of
the
Senate
chairs
in
the
Senate
Square
,
and
cook
themselves
meals
twice
a
day
.
In
peacetime
it
is
only
necessary
to
billet
troops
in
the
villages
of
any
district
and
the
number
of
fires
in
that
district
immediately
increases
.
How
much
then
must
the
probability
of
fire
be
increased
in
an
abandoned
,
wooden
town
where
foreign
troops
are
quartered
.
"
Le
patriotisme
féroce
de
Rostopchíne
"
and
the
barbarity
of
the
French
were
not
to
blame
in
the
matter
.
Moscow
was
set
on
fire
by
the
soldiers
'
pipes
,
kitchens
,
and
campfires
,
and
by
the
carelessness
of
enemy
soldiers
occupying
houses
they
did
not
own
Even
if
there
was
any
arson
(
which
is
very
doubtful
,
for
no
one
had
any
reason
to
burn
the
houses
--
in
any
case
a
troublesome
and
dangerous
thing
to
do
)
,
arson
can
not
be
regarded
as
the
cause
,
for
the
same
thing
would
have
happened
without
any
incendiarism
.
*
To
Rostopchín
's
ferocious
patriotism
.
However
tempting
it
might
be
for
the
French
to
blame
Rostopchín
's
ferocity
and
for
Russians
to
blame
the
scoundrel
Bonaparte
,
or
later
on
to
place
an
heroic
torch
in
the
hands
of
their
own
people
,
it
is
impossible
not
to
see
that
there
could
be
no
such
direct
cause
of
the
fire
,
for
Moscow
had
to
burn
as
every
village
,
factory
,
or
house
must
burn
which
is
left
by
its
owners
and
in
which
strangers
are
allowed
to
live
and
cook
their
porridge
.
Moscow
was
burned
by
its
inhabitants
,
it
is
true
,
but
by
those
who
had
abandoned
it
and
not
by
those
who
remained
in
it
.
Moscow
when
occupied
by
the
enemy
did
not
remain
intact
like
Berlin
,
Vienna
,
and
other
towns
,
simply
because
its
inhabitants
abandoned
it
and
did
not
welcome
the
French
with
bread
and
salt
,
nor
bring
them
the
keys
of
the
city
.
The
absorption
of
the
French
by
Moscow
,
radiating
starwise
as
it
did
,
only
reached
the
quarter
where
Pierre
was
staying
by
the
evening
of
the
second
of
September
.
After
the
last
two
days
spent
in
solitude
and
unusual
circumstances
,
Pierre
was
in
a
state
bordering
on
insanity
.
He
was
completely
obsessed
by
one
persistent
thought
.
He
did
not
know
how
or
when
this
thought
had
taken
such
possession
of
him
,
but
he
remembered
nothing
of
the
past
,
understood
nothing
of
the
present
,
and
all
he
saw
and
heard
appeared
to
him
like
a
dream
.
