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As
I
will
find
out
over
the
next
few
months
,
there
are
actually
some
good
reasons
that
Italian
is
the
most
seductively
beautiful
language
in
the
world
,
and
why
I
’
m
not
the
only
person
who
thinks
so
.
To
understand
why
,
you
have
to
first
understand
that
Europe
was
once
a
pandemonium
of
numberless
Latin
-
derived
dialects
that
gradually
,
over
the
centuries
,
morphed
into
a
few
separate
languages
-
French
,
Portuguese
,
Spanish
,
Italian
.
What
happened
in
France
,
Portugal
and
Spain
was
an
organic
evolution
:
the
dialect
of
the
most
prominent
city
gradually
became
the
accepted
language
of
the
whole
region
.
Therefore
,
what
we
today
call
French
is
really
a
version
of
medieval
Parisian
.
Portuguese
is
really
Lisboan
.
Spanish
is
essentially
Madrileno
.
These
were
capitalist
victories
;
the
strongest
city
ultimately
determined
the
language
of
the
whole
country
.
Italy
was
different
.
One
critical
difference
was
that
,
for
the
longest
time
,
Italy
wasn
’
t
even
a
country
.
It
didn
’
t
get
itself
unified
until
quite
late
in
life
(
1861
)
and
until
then
was
a
peninsula
of
warring
city
-
states
dominated
by
proud
local
princes
or
other
European
powers
.
Parts
of
Italy
belonged
to
France
,
parts
to
Spain
,
parts
to
the
Church
,
parts
to
whoever
could
grab
the
local
fortress
or
palace
.
The
Italian
people
were
alternatively
humiliated
and
cavalier
about
all
this
domination
.
Most
didn
’
t
much
like
being
colonized
by
their
fellow
Europeans
,
but
there
was
always
that
apathetic
crowd
that
said
,
"
Franza
o
Spagna
,
purche
se
magna
,
"
which
means
,
in
dialect
,
"
France
or
Spain
,
as
long
as
I
can
eat
.
"
All
this
internal
division
meant
that
Italy
never
properly
coalesced
,
and
Italian
didn
’
t
either
.
So
it
’
s
not
surprising
that
,
for
centuries
,
Italians
wrote
and
spoke
in
local
dialects
that
were
mutually
unfathomable
.
A
scientist
in
Florence
could
barely
communicate
with
a
poet
in
Sicily
or
a
merchant
in
Venice
(
except
in
Latin
,
of
course
,
which
was
hardly
considered
the
national
language
)
.
In
the
sixteenth
century
,
some
Italian
intellectuals
got
together
and
decided
that
this
was
absurd
.
This
Italian
peninsula
needed
an
Italian
language
,
at
least
in
the
written
form
,
which
everyone
could
agree
upon
.
So
this
gathering
of
intellectuals
proceeded
to
do
something
unprecedented
in
the
history
of
Europe
;
they
handpicked
the
most
beautiful
of
all
the
local
dialects
and
crowned
it
Italian
.
In
order
to
find
the
most
beautiful
dialect
ever
spoken
in
Italy
,
they
had
to
reach
back
in
time
two
hundred
years
to
fourteenth
-
century
Florence
.
What
this
congress
decided
would
henceforth
be
considered
proper
Italian
was
the
personal
language
of
the
great
Florentine
poet
Dante
Alighieri
.
When
Dante
published
his
Divine
Comedy
back
in
1321
,
detailing
a
visionary
progression
through
Hell
,
Purgatory
and
Heaven
,
he
’
d
shocked
the
literate
world
by
not
writing
in
Latin
.
He
felt
that
Latin
was
a
corrupted
,
elitist
language
,
and
that
the
use
of
it
in
serious
prose
had
"
turned
literature
into
a
harlot
"
by
making
universal
narrative
into
something
that
could
only
be
bought
with
money
,
through
the
privilege
of
an
aristocratic
education
.
Instead
,
Dante
turned
back
to
the
streets
,
picking
up
the
real
Florentine
language
spoken
by
the
residents
of
his
city
(
who
included
such
luminous
contemporaries
as
Boccaccio
and
Petrarch
)
and
using
that
language
to
tell
his
tale
.
He
wrote
his
masterpiece
in
what
he
called
dolce
stil
nuovo
,
the
"
sweet
new
style
"
of
the
vernacular
,
and
he
shaped
that
vernacular
even
as
he
was
writing
it
,
affecting
it
as
personally
as
Shakespeare
would
someday
affect
Elizabethan
English
.
For
a
group
of
nationalist
intellectuals
much
later
in
history
to
have
sat
down
and
decided
that
Dante
’
s
Italian
would
now
be
the
official
language
of
Italy
would
be
very
much
as
if
a
group
of
Oxford
dons
had
sat
down
one
day
in
the
early
nineteenth
century
and
decided
that
-
from
this
point
forward
-
everybody
in
England
was
going
to
speak
pure
Shakespeare
.
And
it
actually
worked
.
The
Italian
we
speak
today
,
therefore
,
is
not
Roman
or
Venetian
(
though
these
were
the
powerful
military
and
merchant
cities
)
nor
even
really
entirely
Florentine
.
Essentially
,
it
is
Dantean
.
No
other
European
language
has
such
an
artistic
pedigree
.
And
perhaps
no
language
was
ever
more
perfectly
ordained
to
express
human
emotions
than
this
fourteenth
-
century
Florentine
Italian
,
as
embellished
by
one
of
Western
civilization
’
s
greatest
poets
.
Dante
wrote
his
Divine
Comedy
in
terza
rima
,
triple
rhyme
,
a
chain
of
rhymes
with
each
rhyme
repeating
three
times
every
five
lines
,
giving
his
pretty
Florentine
vernacular
what
scholars
call
"
a
cascading
rhythm
"
-
a
rhythm
which
still
lives
in
the
tumbling
,
poetic
cadences
spoken
by
Italian
cabdrivers
and
butchers
and
government
administrators
even
today
.
The
last
line
of
the
Divine
Comedy
,
in
which
Dante
is
faced
with
the
vision
of
God
Himself
,
is
a
sentiment
that
is
still
easily
understandable
by
anyone
familiar
with
so
-
called
modern
Italian
.
Dante
writes
that
God
is
not
merely
a
blinding
vision
of
glorious
light
,
but
that
He
is
,
most
of
all
,
l
’
amor
che
move
il
sole
e
l
’
altre
stelle
…
"
The
love
that
moves
the
sun
and
the
other
stars
