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"

That

is

difficult

to

explain

,

"

answered

the

engineer

.

"

However

,

I

should

be

disposed

to

conjecture

that

this

peculiarity

results

from

the

situation

of

the

island

in

the

Southern

Hemisphere

,

which

,

as

you

know

,

my

boy

,

is

colder

than

the

Northern

Hemisphere

.

"

"

Yes

,

"

said

Herbert

,

"

and

icebergs

are

met

with

in

lower

latitudes

in

the

south

than

in

the

north

of

the

Pacific

.

"

"

That

is

true

,

"

remarked

Pencroft

,

"

and

when

I

have

been

serving

on

board

whalers

I

have

seen

icebergs

off

Cape

Horn

.

"

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"

The

severe

cold

experienced

in

Lincoln

Island

,

"

said

Gideon

Spilett

,

"

may

then

perhaps

be

explained

by

the

presence

of

floes

or

icebergs

comparatively

near

to

Lincoln

Island

.

"

"

Your

opinion

is

very

admissible

indeed

,

my

dear

Spilett

,

"

answered

Cyrus

Harding

,

"

and

it

is

evidently

to

the

proximity

of

icebergs

that

we

owe

our

rigorous

winters

.

I

would

draw

your

attention

also

to

an

entirely

physical

cause

,

which

renders

the

Southern

colder

than

the

Northern

Hemisphere

.

In

fact

,

since

the

sun

is

nearer

to

this

hemisphere

during

the

summer

,

it

is

necessarily

more

distant

during

the

winter

.

This

explains

then

the

excess

of

temperature

in

the

two

seasons

,

for

,

if

we

find

the

winters

very

cold

in

Lincoln

Island

,

we

must

not

forget

that

the

summers

here

,

on

the

contrary

,

are

very

hot

.

"

"

But

why

,

if

you

please

,

captain

,

"

asked

Pencroft

,

knitting

his

brows

,

"

why

should

our

hemisphere

,

as

you

say

,

be

so

badly

divided

?

It

is

n't

just

,

that

!

"

"

Friend

Pencroft

,

"

answered

the

engineer

,

laughing

,

"

whether

just

or

not

,

we

must

submit

to

it

,

and

here

lies

the

reason

for

this

peculiarity

.

The

earth

does

not

describe

a

circle

around

the

sun

,

but

an

ellipse

,

as

it

must

by

the

laws

of

rational

mechanics

.

Now

,

the

earth

occupies

one

of

the

foci

of

the

ellipse

,

and

so

at

one

point

in

its

course

is

at

its

apogee

,

that

is

,

at

its

farthest

from

the

sun

,

and

at

another

point

it

is

at

its

perigee

,

or

nearest

to

the

sun

.

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Now

it

happens

that

it

is

during

the

winter

of

the

southern

countries

that

it

is

at

its

most

distant

point

from

the

sun

,

and

consequently

,

in

a

situation

for

those

regions

to

feel

the

greatest

cold

.

Nothing

can

be

done

to

prevent

that

,

and

men

,

Pencroft

,

however

learned

they

may

be

,

can

never

change

anything

of

the

cosmographical

order

established

by

God

Himself

.

"

"

And

yet

,

"

added

Pencroft

,

"

the

world

is

very

learned

.

what

a

big

book

,

captain

,

might

be

made

with

all

that

is

known

!

"

"

And

what

a

much

bigger

book

still

with

all

that

is

not

known

!

"

answered

Harding

.

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