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Cyrus
Harding
chose
,
behind
the
Chimneys
,
a
site
where
the
ground
was
perfectly
level
.
On
this
ground
he
placed
a
layer
of
branches
and
chopped
wood
,
on
which
were
piled
some
pieces
of
shistose
pyrites
,
buttressed
one
against
the
other
,
the
whole
being
covered
with
a
thin
layer
of
pyrites
,
previously
reduced
to
the
size
of
a
nut
.
This
done
,
they
set
fire
to
the
wood
,
the
heat
was
communicated
to
the
shist
,
which
soon
kindled
,
since
it
contains
coal
and
sulphur
.
Then
new
layers
of
bruised
pyrites
were
arranged
so
as
to
form
an
immense
heap
,
the
exterior
of
which
was
covered
with
earth
and
grass
,
several
air-holes
being
left
,
as
if
it
was
a
stack
of
wood
which
was
to
be
carbonized
to
make
charcoal
.
They
then
left
the
transformation
to
complete
itself
,
and
it
would
not
take
less
than
ten
or
twelve
days
for
the
sulphuret
of
iron
to
be
changed
to
sulphate
of
iron
and
the
alumina
into
sulphate
of
alumina
,
two
equally
soluble
substances
,
the
others
,
flint
,
burnt
coal
,
and
cinders
,
not
being
so
.
While
this
chemical
work
was
going
on
,
Cyrus
Harding
proceeded
with
other
operations
,
which
were
pursued
with
more
than
zeal
,
--
it
was
eagerness
.
Neb
and
Pencroft
had
taken
away
the
fat
from
the
dugong
,
and
placed
it
in
large
earthen
pots
.
It
was
then
necessary
to
separate
the
glycerine
from
the
fat
by
saponifying
it
.
Now
,
to
obtain
this
result
,
it
had
to
be
treated
either
with
soda
or
lime
.
In
fact
,
one
or
other
of
these
substances
,
after
having
attacked
the
fat
,
would
form
a
soap
by
separating
the
glycerine
,
and
it
was
just
this
glycerine
which
the
engineer
wished
to
obtain
.
There
was
no
want
of
lime
,
only
treatment
by
lime
would
give
calcareous
soap
,
insoluble
,
and
consequently
useless
,
while
treatment
by
soda
would
furnish
,
on
the
contrary
,
a
soluble
soap
,
which
could
be
put
to
domestic
use
.
Now
,
a
practical
man
,
like
Cyrus
Harding
,
would
rather
try
to
obtain
soda
.
Was
this
difficult
?
No
;
for
marine
plants
abounded
on
the
shore
,
glass-wort
,
ficoides
,
and
all
those
fucaceae
which
form
wrack
.
A
large
quantity
of
these
plants
was
collected
,
first
dried
,
then
burnt
in
holes
in
the
open
air
.
The
combustion
of
these
plants
was
kept
up
for
several
days
,
and
the
result
was
a
compact
gray
mass
,
which
has
been
long
known
under
the
name
of
"
natural
soda
.
"
This
obtained
,
the
engineer
treated
the
fat
with
soda
,
which
gave
both
a
soluble
soap
and
that
neutral
substance
,
glycerine
.
But
this
was
not
all
.
Cyrus
Harding
still
needed
,
in
view
of
his
future
preparation
,
another
substance
,
nitrate
of
potash
,
which
is
better
known
under
the
name
of
salt
niter
,
or
of
saltpeter
.
Cyrus
Harding
could
have
manufactured
this
substance
by
treating
the
carbonate
of
potash
,
which
would
be
easily
extracted
from
the
cinders
of
the
vegetables
,
by
azotic
acid
.
But
this
acid
was
wanting
,
and
he
would
have
been
in
some
difficulty
,
if
nature
had
not
happily
furnished
the
saltpeter
,
without
giving
them
any
other
trouble
than
that
of
picking
it
up
.
Herbert
found
a
vein
of
it
at
the
foot
of
Mount
Franklin
,
and
they
had
nothing
to
do
but
purify
this
salt
.
