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In
fact
,
the
Catalan
method
,
properly
so
called
,
requires
the
construction
of
kilns
and
crucibles
,
in
which
the
ore
and
the
coal
,
placed
in
alternate
layers
,
are
transformed
and
reduced
,
But
Cyrus
Harding
intended
to
economize
these
constructions
,
and
wished
simply
to
form
,
with
the
ore
and
the
coal
,
a
cubic
mass
,
to
the
center
of
which
he
would
direct
the
wind
from
his
bellows
.
Doubtless
,
it
was
the
proceeding
employed
by
Tubalcain
,
and
the
first
metallurgists
of
the
inhabited
world
.
Now
that
which
had
succeeded
with
the
grandson
of
Adam
,
and
which
still
yielded
good
results
in
countries
which
in
ore
and
fuel
,
could
not
but
succeed
with
the
settlers
in
Lincoln
Island
.
The
coal
,
as
well
as
the
ore
,
was
collected
without
trouble
on
the
surface
of
the
ground
.
They
first
broke
the
ore
into
little
pieces
,
and
cleansed
them
with
the
hand
from
the
impurities
which
soiled
their
surface
.
Then
coal
and
ore
were
arranged
in
heaps
and
in
successive
layers
,
as
the
charcoal-burner
does
with
the
wood
which
he
wishes
to
carbonize
.
In
this
way
,
under
the
influence
of
the
air
projected
by
the
blowing-machine
,
the
coal
would
be
transformed
into
carbonic
acid
,
then
into
oxide
of
carbon
,
its
use
being
to
reduce
the
oxide
of
iron
,
that
is
to
say
,
to
rid
it
of
the
oxygen
.
Thus
the
engineer
proceeded
.
The
bellows
of
sealskin
,
furnished
at
its
extremity
with
a
nozzle
of
clay
,
which
had
been
previously
fabricated
in
the
pottery
kiln
,
was
established
near
the
heap
of
ore
.
Using
the
mechanism
which
consisted
of
a
frame
,
cords
of
fiber
and
counterpoise
,
he
threw
into
the
mass
an
abundance
of
air
,
which
by
raising
the
temperature
also
concurred
with
the
chemical
transformation
to
produce
in
time
pure
iron
.
The
operation
was
difficult
.
All
the
patience
,
all
the
ingenuity
of
the
settlers
was
needed
;
but
at
last
it
succeeded
,
and
the
result
was
a
lump
of
iron
,
reduced
to
a
spongy
state
,
which
it
was
necessary
to
shingle
and
fagot
,
that
is
to
say
,
to
forge
so
as
to
expel
from
it
the
liquefied
veinstone
.
These
amateur
smiths
had
,
of
course
,
no
hammer
;
but
they
were
in
no
worse
a
situation
than
the
first
metallurgist
,
and
therefore
did
what
,
no
doubt
,
he
had
to
do
.
A
handle
was
fixed
to
the
first
lump
,
and
was
used
as
a
hammer
to
forge
the
second
on
a
granite
anvil
,
and
thus
they
obtained
a
coarse
but
useful
metal
.
At
length
,
after
many
trials
and
much
fatigue
,
on
the
25th
of
April
several
bars
of
iron
were
forged
,
and
transformed
into
tools
,
crowbars
,
pincers
,
pickaxes
,
spades
,
etc.
,
which
Pencroft
and
Neb
declared
to
be
real
jewels
.
But
the
metal
was
not
yet
in
its
most
serviceable
state
,
that
is
,
of
steel
.
Now
steel
is
a
combination
of
iron
and
coal
,
which
is
extracted
,
either
from
the
liquid
ore
,
by
taking
from
it
the
excess
of
coal
,
or
from
the
iron
by
adding
to
it
the
coal
which
was
wanting
.
The
first
,
obtained
by
the
decarburation
of
the
metal
,
gives
natural
or
puddled
steel
;
the
second
,
produced
by
the
carburation
of
the
iron
,
gives
steel
of
cementation
It
was
the
last
which
Cyrus
Harding
intended
to
forge
,
as
he
possessed
iron
in
a
pure
state
.
He
succeeded
by
heating
the
metal
with
powdered
coal
in
a
crucible
which
had
previously
been
manufactured
from
clay
suitable
for
the
purpose
.
He
then
worked
this
steel
,
which
is
malleable
both
when
hot
or
cold
,
with
the
hammer
.
Neb
and
Pencroft
,
cleverly
directed
,
made
hatchets
,
which
,
heated
red-hot
,
and
plunged
suddenly
into
cold
water
,
acquired
an
excellent
temper
.
Other
instruments
,
of
course
roughly
fashioned
,
were
also
manufactured
;
blades
for
planes
,
axes
,
hatchets
,
pieces
of
steel
to
be
transformed
into
saws
,
chisels
;
then
iron
for
spades
,
pickaxes
,
hammers
,
nails
,
etc.
.
At
last
,
on
the
5th
of
May
,
the
metallic
period
ended
,
the
smiths
returned
to
the
Chimneys
,
and
new
work
would
soon
authorize
them
to
take
a
fresh
title
.
It
was
the
6th
of
May
,
a
day
which
corresponds
to
the
6th
of
November
in
the
countries
of
the
Northern
Hemisphere
.
The
sky
had
been
obscured
for
some
days
,
and
it
was
of
importance
to
make
preparations
for
the
winter
.
However
,
the
temperature
was
not
as
yet
much
lower
,
and
a
centigrade
thermometer
,
transported
to
Lincoln
Island
,
would
still
have
marked
an
average
of
ten
to
twelve
degrees
above
zero
.
This
was
not
surprising
,
since
Lincoln
Island
,
probably
situated
between
the
thirty-fifth
and
fortieth
parallel
,
would
be
subject
,
in
the
Southern
Hemisphere
,
to
the
same
climate
as
Sicily
or
Greece
in
the
Northern
Hemisphere
.
But
as
Greece
and
Sicily
have
severe
cold
,
producing
snow
and
ice
,
so
doubtless
would
Lincoln
Island
in
the
severest
part
of
the
winter
and
it
was
advisable
to
provide
against
it
.
