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His
doubts
might
have
been
indeed
pardoned
;
for
,
except
perhaps
the
flying
fish
,
there
was
no
race
existing
on
the
earth
,
in
the
air
,
or
the
waters
,
who
were
the
object
of
such
an
unintermitting
,
general
,
and
relentless
persecution
as
the
Jews
of
this
period
.
Upon
the
slightest
and
most
unreasonable
pretences
,
as
well
as
upon
accusations
the
most
absurd
and
groundless
,
their
persons
and
property
were
exposed
to
every
turn
of
popular
fury
;
for
Norman
,
Saxon
,
Dane
,
and
Briton
,
however
adverse
these
races
were
to
each
other
,
contended
which
should
look
with
greatest
detestation
upon
a
people
,
whom
it
was
accounted
a
point
of
religion
to
hate
,
to
revile
,
to
despise
,
to
plunder
,
and
to
persecute
.
The
kings
of
the
Norman
race
,
and
the
independent
nobles
,
who
followed
their
example
in
all
acts
of
tyranny
,
maintained
against
this
devoted
people
a
persecution
of
a
more
regular
,
calculated
,
and
self-interested
kind
.
It
is
a
well-known
story
of
King
John
,
that
he
confined
a
wealthy
Jew
in
one
of
the
royal
castles
,
and
daily
caused
one
of
his
teeth
to
be
torn
out
,
until
,
when
the
jaw
of
the
unhappy
Israelite
was
half
disfurnished
,
he
consented
to
pay
a
large
sum
,
which
it
was
the
tyrant
's
object
to
extort
from
him
.
The
little
ready
money
which
was
in
the
country
was
chiefly
in
possession
of
this
persecuted
people
,
and
the
nobility
hesitated
not
to
follow
the
example
of
their
sovereign
,
in
wringing
it
from
them
by
every
species
of
oppression
,
and
even
personal
torture
.
Yet
the
passive
courage
inspired
by
the
love
of
gain
,
induced
the
Jews
to
dare
the
various
evils
to
which
they
were
subjected
,
in
consideration
of
the
immense
profits
which
they
were
enabled
to
realize
in
a
country
naturally
so
wealthy
as
England
.
In
spite
of
every
kind
of
discouragement
,
and
even
of
the
special
court
of
taxations
already
mentioned
,
called
the
Jews
'
Exchequer
,
erected
for
the
very
purpose
of
despoiling
and
distressing
them
,
the
Jews
increased
,
multiplied
,
and
accumulated
huge
sums
,
which
they
transferred
from
one
hand
to
another
by
means
of
bills
of
exchange
--
an
invention
for
which
commerce
is
said
to
be
indebted
to
them
,
and
which
enabled
them
to
transfer
their
wealth
from
land
to
land
,
that
when
threatened
with
oppression
in
one
country
,
their
treasure
might
be
secured
in
another
.
The
obstinacy
and
avarice
of
the
Jews
being
thus
in
a
measure
placed
in
opposition
to
the
fanaticism
that
tyranny
of
those
under
whom
they
lived
,
seemed
to
increase
in
proportion
to
the
persecution
with
which
they
were
visited
;
and
the
immense
wealth
they
usually
acquired
in
commerce
,
while
it
frequently
placed
them
in
danger
,
was
at
other
times
used
to
extend
their
influence
,
and
to
secure
to
them
a
certain
degree
of
protection
.
On
these
terms
they
lived
;
and
their
character
,
influenced
accordingly
,
was
watchful
,
suspicious
,
and
timid
--
yet
obstinate
,
uncomplying
,
and
skilful
in
evading
the
dangers
to
which
they
were
exposed
.
When
the
travellers
had
pushed
on
at
a
rapid
rate
through
many
devious
paths
,
the
Palmer
at
length
broke
silence
.
"
That
large
decayed
oak
,
"
he
said
,
"
marks
the
boundaries
over
which
Front-de-Boeuf
claims
authority
--
we
are
long
since
far
from
those
of
Malvoisin
.
There
is
now
no
fear
of
pursuit
.
"
"
May
the
wheels
of
their
chariots
be
taken
off
,
"
said
the
Jew
,
"
like
those
of
the
host
of
Pharaoh
,
that
they
may
drive
heavily
!
--
But
leave
me
not
,
good
Pilgrim
--
Think
but
of
that
fierce
and
savage
Templar
,
with
his
Saracen
slaves
--
they
will
regard
neither
territory
,
nor
manor
,
nor
lordship
.
"
"
Our
road
,
"
said
the
Palmer
,
"
should
here
separate
;
for
it
beseems
not
men
of
my
character
and
thine
to
travel
together
longer
than
needs
must
be
.
Besides
,
what
succour
couldst
thou
have
from
me
,
a
peaceful
Pilgrim
,
against
two
armed
heathens
?
"
"
O
good
youth
,
"
answered
the
Jew
,
"
thou
canst
defend
me
,
and
I
know
thou
wouldst
.
Poor
as
I
am
,
I
will
requite
it
--
not
with
money
,
for
money
,
so
help
me
my
Father
Abraham
,
I
have
none
--
but
--
"
"
Money
and
recompense
,
"
said
the
Palmer
,
interrupting
him
,
"
I
have
already
said
I
require
not
of
thee
.
Guide
thee
I
can
;
and
,
it
may
be
,
even
in
some
sort
defend
thee
;
since
to
protect
a
Jew
against
a
Saracen
,
can
scarce
be
accounted
unworthy
of
a
Christian
.
Therefore
,
Jew
,
I
will
see
thee
safe
under
some
fitting
escort
.
We
are
now
not
far
from
the
town
of
Sheffield
,
where
thou
mayest
easily
find
many
of
thy
tribe
with
whom
to
take
refuge
.
"
"
The
blessing
of
Jacob
be
upon
thee
,
good
youth
!
"
said
the
Jew
;
"
in
Sheffield
I
can
harbour
with
my
kinsman
Zareth
,
and
find
some
means
of
travelling
forth
with
safety
.
"
