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The
facts
clearly
show
that
Napoleon
did
not
foresee
the
danger
of
the
advance
on
Moscow
,
nor
did
Alexander
and
the
Russian
commanders
then
think
of
luring
Napoleon
on
,
but
quite
the
contrary
.
The
luring
of
Napoleon
into
the
depths
of
the
country
was
not
the
result
of
any
plan
,
for
no
one
believed
it
to
be
possible
;
it
resulted
from
a
most
complex
interplay
of
intrigues
,
aims
,
and
wishes
among
those
who
took
part
in
the
war
and
had
no
perception
whatever
of
the
inevitable
,
or
of
the
one
way
of
saving
Russia
.
Everything
came
about
fortuitously
.
The
armies
were
divided
at
the
commencement
of
the
campaign
.
We
tried
to
unite
them
,
with
the
evident
intention
of
giving
battle
and
checking
the
enemy
's
advance
,
and
by
this
effort
to
unite
them
while
avoiding
battle
with
a
much
stronger
enemy
,
and
necessarily
withdrawing
the
armies
at
an
acute
angle
--
we
led
the
French
on
to
Smolénsk
.
But
we
withdrew
at
an
acute
angle
not
only
because
the
French
advanced
between
our
two
armies
;
the
angle
became
still
more
acute
and
we
withdrew
still
farther
,
because
Barclay
de
Tolly
was
an
unpopular
foreigner
disliked
by
Bagratión
(
who
would
come
under
his
command
)
,
and
Bagratión
--
being
in
command
of
the
second
army
--
tried
to
postpone
joining
up
and
coming
under
Barclay
's
command
as
long
as
he
could
.
Bagratión
was
slow
in
effecting
the
junction
--
though
that
was
the
chief
aim
of
all
at
headquarters
--
because
,
as
he
alleged
,
he
exposed
his
army
to
danger
on
this
march
,
and
it
was
best
for
him
to
retire
more
to
the
left
and
more
to
the
south
,
worrying
the
enemy
from
flank
and
rear
and
securing
from
the
Ukraine
recruits
for
his
army
;
and
it
looks
as
if
he
planned
this
in
order
not
to
come
under
the
command
of
the
detested
foreigner
Barclay
,
whose
rank
was
inferior
to
his
own
.
The
Emperor
was
with
the
army
to
encourage
it
,
but
his
presence
and
ignorance
of
what
steps
to
take
,
and
the
enormous
number
of
advisers
and
plans
,
destroyed
the
first
army
's
energy
and
it
retired
.
The
intention
was
to
make
a
stand
at
the
Drissa
camp
,
but
Paulucci
,
aiming
at
becoming
commander
in
chief
,
unexpectedly
employed
his
energy
to
influence
Alexander
,
and
Pfuel
's
whole
plan
was
abandoned
and
the
command
entrusted
to
Barclay
.
But
as
Barclay
did
not
inspire
confidence
his
power
was
limited
.
The
armies
were
divided
,
there
was
no
unity
of
command
,
and
Barclay
was
unpopular
;
but
from
this
confusion
,
division
,
and
the
unpopularity
of
the
foreign
commander
in
chief
,
there
resulted
on
the
one
hand
indecision
and
the
avoidance
of
a
battle
(
which
we
could
not
have
refrained
from
had
the
armies
been
united
and
had
someone
else
,
instead
of
Barclay
,
been
in
command
)
and
on
the
other
an
ever-increasing
indignation
against
the
foreigners
and
an
increase
in
patriotic
zeal
.
At
last
the
Emperor
left
the
army
,
and
as
the
most
convenient
and
indeed
the
only
pretext
for
his
departure
it
was
decided
that
it
was
necessary
for
him
to
inspire
the
people
in
the
capitals
and
arouse
the
nation
in
general
to
a
patriotic
war
.
And
by
this
visit
of
the
Emperor
to
Moscow
the
strength
of
the
Russian
army
was
trebled
.
He
left
in
order
not
to
obstruct
the
commander
in
chief
's
undivided
control
of
the
army
,
and
hoping
that
more
decisive
action
would
then
be
taken
,
but
the
command
of
the
armies
became
still
more
confused
and
enfeebled
.
Bennigsen
,
the
Tsarévich
,
and
a
swarm
of
adjutants
general
remained
with
the
army
to
keep
the
commander
in
chief
under
observation
and
arouse
his
energy
,
and
Barclay
,
feeling
less
free
than
ever
under
the
observation
of
all
these
"
eyes
of
the
Emperor
,
"
became
still
more
cautious
of
undertaking
any
decisive
action
and
avoided
giving
battle
.
Barclay
stood
for
caution
.
The
Tsarévich
hinted
at
treachery
and
demanded
a
general
engagement
.
Lubomírski
,
Bronnítski
,
Wlocki
,
and
the
others
of
that
group
stirred
up
so
much
trouble
that
Barclay
,
under
pretext
of
sending
papers
to
the
Emperor
,
dispatched
these
Polish
adjutants
general
to
Petersburg
and
plunged
into
an
open
struggle
with
Bennigsen
and
the
Tsarévich
.
At
Smolénsk
the
armies
at
last
reunited
,
much
as
Bagratión
disliked
it
.
Bagratión
drove
up
in
a
carriage
to
the
house
occupied
by
Barclay
.
Barclay
donned
his
sash
and
came
out
to
meet
and
report
to
his
senior
officer
Bagratión
.
