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To
the
third
party
--
in
which
the
Emperor
had
most
confidence
--
belonged
the
courtiers
who
tried
to
arrange
compromises
between
the
other
two
.
The
members
of
this
party
,
chiefly
civilians
and
to
whom
Arakchéev
belonged
,
thought
and
said
what
men
who
have
no
convictions
but
wish
to
seem
to
have
some
generally
say
.
They
said
that
undoubtedly
war
,
particularly
against
such
a
genius
as
Bonaparte
(
they
called
him
Bonaparte
now
)
,
needs
most
deeply
devised
plans
and
profound
scientific
knowledge
and
in
that
respect
Pfuel
was
a
genius
,
but
at
the
same
time
it
had
to
be
acknowledged
that
the
theorists
are
often
one-sided
,
and
therefore
one
should
not
trust
them
absolutely
,
but
should
also
listen
to
what
Pfuel
's
opponents
and
practical
men
of
experience
in
warfare
had
to
say
,
and
then
choose
a
middle
course
.
They
insisted
on
the
retention
of
the
camp
at
Drissa
,
according
to
Pfuel
's
plan
,
but
on
changing
the
movements
of
the
other
armies
.
Though
,
by
this
course
,
neither
one
aim
nor
the
other
could
be
attained
,
yet
it
seemed
best
to
the
adherents
of
this
third
party
.
Of
a
fourth
opinion
the
most
conspicuous
representative
was
the
Tsarévich
,
who
could
not
forget
his
disillusionment
at
Austerlitz
,
where
he
had
ridden
out
at
the
head
of
the
Guards
,
in
his
casque
and
cavalry
uniform
as
to
a
review
,
expecting
to
crush
the
French
gallantly
;
but
unexpectedly
finding
himself
in
the
front
line
had
narrowly
escaped
amid
the
general
confusion
.
The
men
of
this
party
had
both
the
quality
and
the
defect
of
frankness
in
their
opinions
.
They
feared
Napoleon
,
recognized
his
strength
and
their
own
weakness
,
and
frankly
said
so
.
They
said
:
"
Nothing
but
sorrow
,
shame
,
and
ruin
will
come
of
all
this
!
We
have
abandoned
Vílna
and
Vítebsk
and
shall
abandon
Drissa
.
The
only
reasonable
thing
left
to
do
is
to
conclude
peace
as
soon
as
possible
,
before
we
are
turned
out
of
Petersburg
.
"
This
view
was
very
general
in
the
upper
army
circles
and
found
support
also
in
Petersburg
and
from
the
chancellor
,
Rumyántsev
,
who
,
for
other
reasons
of
state
,
was
in
favor
of
peace
.
The
fifth
party
consisted
of
those
who
were
adherents
of
Barclay
de
Tolly
,
not
so
much
as
a
man
but
as
minister
of
war
and
commander
in
chief
.
"
Be
he
what
he
may
"
(
they
always
began
like
that
)
,
"
he
is
an
honest
,
practical
man
and
we
have
nobody
better
.
Give
him
real
power
,
for
war
can
not
be
conducted
successfully
without
unity
of
command
,
and
he
will
show
what
he
can
do
,
as
he
did
in
Finland
.
If
our
army
is
well
organized
and
strong
and
has
withdrawn
to
Drissa
without
suffering
any
defeats
,
we
owe
this
entirely
to
Barclay
.
If
Barclay
is
now
to
be
superseded
by
Bennigsen
all
will
be
lost
,
for
Bennigsen
showed
his
incapacity
already
in
1807
.
"
The
sixth
party
,
the
Bennigsenites
,
said
,
on
the
contrary
,
that
at
any
rate
there
was
no
one
more
active
and
experienced
than
Bennigsen
:
"
and
twist
about
as
you
may
,
you
will
have
to
come
to
Bennigsen
eventually
.
Let
the
others
make
mistakes
now
!
"
said
they
,
arguing
that
our
retirement
to
Drissa
was
a
most
shameful
reverse
and
an
unbroken
series
of
blunders
.
"
The
more
mistakes
that
are
made
the
better
.
It
will
at
any
rate
be
understood
all
the
sooner
that
things
can
not
go
on
like
this
.
What
is
wanted
is
not
some
Barclay
or
other
,
but
a
man
like
Bennigsen
,
who
made
his
mark
in
1807
,
and
to
whom
Napoleon
himself
did
justice
--
a
man
whose
authority
would
be
willingly
recognized
,
and
Bennigsen
is
the
only
such
man
.
"
The
seventh
party
consisted
of
the
sort
of
people
who
are
always
to
be
found
,
especially
around
young
sovereigns
,
and
of
whom
there
were
particularly
many
round
Alexander
--
generals
and
imperial
aides-de-camp
passionately
devoted
to
the
Emperor
,
not
merely
as
a
monarch
but
as
a
man
,
adoring
him
sincerely
and
disinterestedly
,
as
Rostóv
had
done
in
1805
,
and
who
saw
in
him
not
only
all
the
virtues
but
all
human
capabilities
as
well
.
These
men
,
though
enchanted
with
the
sovereign
for
refusing
the
command
of
the
army
,
yet
blamed
him
for
such
excessive
modesty
,
and
only
desired
and
insisted
that
their
adored
sovereign
should
abandon
his
diffidence
and
openly
announce
that
he
would
place
himself
at
the
head
of
the
army
,
gather
round
him
a
commander
in
chief
's
staff
,
and
,
consulting
experienced
theoreticians
and
practical
men
where
necessary
,
would
himself
lead
the
troops
,
whose
spirits
would
thereby
be
raised
to
the
highest
pitch
.
The
eighth
and
largest
group
,
which
in
its
enormous
numbers
was
to
the
others
as
ninety-nine
to
one
,
consisted
of
men
who
desired
neither
peace
nor
war
,
neither
an
advance
nor
a
defensive
camp
at
the
Drissa
or
anywhere
else
,
neither
Barclay
nor
the
Emperor
,
neither
Pfuel
nor
Bennigsen
,
but
only
the
one
most
essential
thing
--
as
much
advantage
and
pleasure
for
themselves
as
possible
.
In
the
troubled
waters
of
conflicting
and
intersecting
intrigues
that
eddied
about
the
Emperor
's
headquarters
,
it
was
possible
to
succeed
in
many
ways
unthinkable
at
other
times
.
