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Such
is
the
fate
not
of
great
men
(
grands
hommes
)
whom
the
Russian
mind
does
not
acknowledge
,
but
of
those
rare
and
always
solitary
individuals
who
,
discerning
the
will
of
Providence
,
submit
their
personal
will
to
it
.
The
hatred
and
contempt
of
the
crowd
punish
such
men
for
discerning
the
higher
laws
.
For
Russian
historians
,
strange
and
terrible
to
say
,
Napoleon
--
that
most
insignificant
tool
of
history
who
never
anywhere
,
even
in
exile
,
showed
human
dignity
--
Napoleon
is
the
object
of
adulation
and
enthusiasm
;
he
is
grand
.
But
Kutúzov
--
the
man
who
from
the
beginning
to
the
end
of
his
activity
in
1812
,
never
once
swerving
by
word
or
deed
from
Borodinó
to
Vílna
,
presented
an
example
exceptional
in
history
of
self-sacrifice
and
a
present
consciousness
of
the
future
importance
of
what
was
happening
--
Kutúzov
seems
to
them
something
indefinite
and
pitiful
,
and
when
speaking
of
him
and
of
the
year
1812
they
always
seem
a
little
ashamed
.
And
yet
it
is
difficult
to
imagine
an
historical
character
whose
activity
was
so
unswervingly
directed
to
a
single
aim
;
and
it
would
be
difficult
to
imagine
any
aim
more
worthy
or
more
consonant
with
the
will
of
the
whole
people
.
Still
more
difficult
would
it
be
to
find
an
instance
in
history
of
the
aim
of
an
historical
personage
being
so
completely
accomplished
as
that
to
which
all
Kutúzov
's
efforts
were
directed
in
1812
.
Kutúzov
never
talked
of
"
forty
centuries
looking
down
from
the
Pyramids
,
"
of
the
sacrifices
he
offered
for
the
fatherland
,
or
of
what
he
intended
to
accomplish
or
had
accomplished
;
in
general
he
said
nothing
about
himself
,
adopted
no
pose
,
always
appeared
to
be
the
simplest
and
most
ordinary
of
men
,
and
said
the
simplest
and
most
ordinary
things
.
He
wrote
letters
to
his
daughters
and
to
Madame
de
Staël
,
read
novels
,
liked
the
society
of
pretty
women
,
jested
with
generals
,
officers
,
and
soldiers
,
and
never
contradicted
those
who
tried
to
prove
anything
to
him
.
When
Count
Rostopchín
at
the
Yaúza
bridge
galloped
up
to
Kutúzov
with
personal
reproaches
for
having
caused
the
destruction
of
Moscow
,
and
said
:
"
How
was
it
you
promised
not
to
abandon
Moscow
without
a
battle
?
"
Kutúzov
replied
:
"
And
I
shall
not
abandon
Moscow
without
a
battle
,
"
though
Moscow
was
then
already
abandoned
.
When
Arakchéev
,
coming
to
him
from
the
Emperor
,
said
that
Ermólov
ought
to
be
appointed
chief
of
the
artillery
,
Kutúzov
replied
:
"
Yes
,
I
was
just
saying
so
myself
,
"
though
a
moment
before
he
had
said
quite
the
contrary
.
What
did
it
matter
to
him
--
who
then
alone
amid
a
senseless
crowd
understood
the
whole
tremendous
significance
of
what
was
happening
--
what
did
it
matter
to
him
whether
Rostopchín
attributed
the
calamities
of
Moscow
to
him
or
to
himself
?
Still
less
could
it
matter
to
him
who
was
appointed
chief
of
the
artillery
.
Not
merely
in
these
cases
but
continually
did
that
old
man
--
who
by
experience
of
life
had
reached
the
conviction
that
thoughts
and
the
words
serving
as
their
expression
are
not
what
move
people
--
use
quite
meaningless
words
that
happened
to
enter
his
head
.
But
that
man
,
so
heedless
of
his
words
,
did
not
once
during
the
whole
time
of
his
activity
utter
one
word
inconsistent
with
the
single
aim
toward
which
he
moved
throughout
the
whole
war
.
Obviously
in
spite
of
himself
,
in
very
diverse
circumstances
,
he
repeatedly
expressed
his
real
thoughts
with
the
bitter
conviction
that
he
would
not
be
understood
.
Beginning
with
the
battle
of
Borodinó
,
from
which
time
his
disagreement
with
those
about
him
began
,
he
alone
said
that
the
battle
of
Borodinó
was
a
victory
,
and
repeated
this
both
verbally
and
in
his
dispatches
and
reports
up
to
the
time
of
his
death
.
He
alone
said
that
the
loss
of
Moscow
is
not
the
loss
of
Russia
.
In
reply
to
Lauriston
's
proposal
of
peace
,
he
said
:
There
can
be
no
peace
,
for
such
is
the
people
's
will
.
He
alone
during
the
retreat
of
the
French
said
that
all
our
maneuvers
are
useless
,
everything
is
being
accomplished
of
itself
better
than
we
could
desire
;
that
the
enemy
must
be
offered
"
a
golden
bridge
"
;
that
neither
the
Tarútino
,
the
Vyázma
,
nor
the
Krásnoe
battles
were
necessary
;
that
we
must
keep
some
force
to
reach
the
frontier
with
,
and
that
he
would
not
sacrifice
a
single
Russian
for
ten
Frenchmen
.
And
this
courtier
,
as
he
is
described
to
us
,
who
lies
to
Arakchéev
to
please
the
Emperor
,
he
alone
--
incurring
thereby
the
Emperor
's
displeasure
--
said
in
Vílna
that
to
carry
the
war
beyond
the
frontier
is
useless
and
harmful
.
Nor
do
words
alone
prove
that
only
he
understood
the
meaning
of
the
events
.
His
actions
--
without
the
smallest
deviation
--
were
all
directed
to
one
and
the
same
threefold
end
:
(
1
)
to
brace
all
his
strength
for
conflict
with
the
French
,
(
2
)
to
defeat
them
,
and
(
3
)
to
drive
them
out
of
Russia
,
minimizing
as
far
as
possible
the
sufferings
of
our
people
and
of
our
army
.
