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- Лев Толстой
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- Анна Каренина
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“
Yes
,
here
he
’
s
written
almost
a
book
on
the
natural
conditions
of
the
laborer
in
relation
to
the
land
,
”
said
Katavasov
;
“
I
’
m
not
a
specialist
,
but
I
,
as
a
natural
science
man
,
was
pleased
at
his
not
taking
mankind
as
something
outside
biological
laws
;
but
,
on
the
contrary
,
seeing
his
dependence
on
his
surroundings
,
and
in
that
dependence
seeking
the
laws
of
his
development
.
”
“
That
’
s
very
interesting
,
”
said
Metrov
.
“
What
I
began
precisely
was
to
write
a
book
on
agriculture
;
but
studying
the
chief
instrument
of
agriculture
,
the
laborer
,
”
said
Levin
,
reddening
,
“
I
could
not
help
coming
to
quite
unexpected
results
.
”
And
Levin
began
carefully
,
as
it
were
,
feeling
his
ground
,
to
expound
his
views
.
He
knew
Metrov
had
written
an
article
against
the
generally
accepted
theory
of
political
economy
,
but
to
what
extent
he
could
reckon
on
his
sympathy
with
his
own
new
views
he
did
not
know
and
could
not
guess
from
the
clever
and
serene
face
of
the
learned
man
.
“
But
in
what
do
you
see
the
special
characteristics
of
the
Russian
laborer
?
”
said
Metrov
;
“
in
his
biological
characteristics
,
so
to
speak
,
or
in
the
condition
in
which
he
is
placed
?
”
Levin
saw
that
there
was
an
idea
underlying
this
question
with
which
he
did
not
agree
.
But
he
went
on
explaining
his
own
idea
that
the
Russian
laborer
has
a
quite
special
view
of
the
land
,
different
from
that
of
other
people
;
and
to
support
this
proposition
he
made
haste
to
add
that
in
his
opinion
this
attitude
of
the
Russian
peasant
was
due
to
the
consciousness
of
his
vocation
to
people
vast
unoccupied
expanses
in
the
East
.
“
One
may
easily
be
led
into
error
in
basing
any
conclusion
on
the
general
vocation
of
a
people
,
”
said
Metrov
,
interrupting
Levin
.
“
The
condition
of
the
laborer
will
always
depend
on
his
relation
to
the
land
and
to
capital
.
”
And
without
letting
Levin
finish
explaining
his
idea
,
Metrov
began
expounding
to
him
the
special
point
of
his
own
theory
.
In
what
the
point
of
his
theory
lay
,
Levin
did
not
understand
,
because
he
did
not
take
the
trouble
to
understand
.
He
saw
that
Metrov
,
like
other
people
,
in
spite
of
his
own
article
,
in
which
he
had
attacked
the
current
theory
of
political
economy
,
looked
at
the
position
of
the
Russian
peasant
simply
from
the
point
of
view
of
capital
,
wages
,
and
rent
.
He
would
indeed
have
been
obliged
to
admit
that
in
the
eastern
—
much
the
larger
—
part
of
Russia
rent
was
as
yet
nil
,
that
for
nine
-
tenths
of
the
eighty
millions
of
the
Russian
peasants
wages
took
the
form
simply
of
food
provided
for
themselves
,
and
that
capital
does
not
so
far
exist
except
in
the
form
of
the
most
primitive
tools
.
Yet
it
was
only
from
that
point
of
view
that
he
considered
every
laborer
,
though
in
many
points
he
differed
from
the
economists
and
had
his
own
theory
of
the
wage
-
fund
,
which
he
expounded
to
Levin
.
