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as
is
the
arduous
and
triumphant
ascent
of
Mt.
Nansen
by
Pabodie
and
two
of
the
graduate
students
-
Gedney
and
Carroll
-
on
December
13
-
15
.
We
were
some
eight
thousand
,
five
hundred
feet
above
sea-level
,
and
when
experimental
drillings
revealed
solid
ground
only
twelve
feet
down
through
the
snow
and
ice
at
certain
points
,
we
made
considerable
use
of
the
small
melting
apparatus
and
sunk
bores
and
performed
dynamiting
at
many
places
where
no
previous
explorer
had
ever
thought
of
securing
mineral
specimens
.
The
pre-Cambrian
granites
and
beacon
sandstones
thus
obtained
confirmed
our
belief
that
this
plateau
was
homogeneous
,
with
the
great
bulk
of
the
continent
to
the
west
,
but
somewhat
different
from
the
parts
lying
eastward
below
South
America
-
which
we
then
thought
to
form
a
separate
and
smaller
continent
divided
from
the
larger
one
by
a
frozen
junction
of
Ross
and
Weddell
Seas
,
though
Byrd
has
since
disproved
the
hypothesis
.
In
certain
of
the
sandstones
,
dynamited
and
chiseled
after
boring
revealed
their
nature
,
we
found
some
highly
interesting
fossil
markings
and
fragments
;
notably
ferns
,
seaweeds
,
trilobites
,
crinoids
,
and
such
mollusks
as
linguellae
and
gastropods
-
all
of
which
seemed
of
real
significance
in
connection
with
the
region
's
primordial
history
.
There
was
also
a
queer
triangular
,
striated
marking
,
about
a
foot
in
greatest
diameter
,
which
Lake
pieced
together
from
three
fragments
of
slate
brought
up
from
a
deep-blasted
aperture
.
These
fragments
came
from
a
point
to
the
westward
,
near
the
Queen
Alexandra
Range
;
and
Lake
,
as
a
biologist
,
seemed
to
find
their
curious
marking
unusually
puzzling
and
provocative
,
though
to
my
geological
eye
it
looked
not
unlike
some
of
the
ripple
effects
reasonably
common
in
the
sedimentary
rocks
.
Since
slate
is
no
more
than
a
metamorphic
formation
into
which
a
sedimentary
stratum
is
pressed
,
and
since
the
pressure
itself
produces
odd
distorting
effects
on
any
markings
which
may
exist
,
I
saw
no
reason
for
extreme
wonder
over
the
striated
depression
.
On
January
6th
,
1931
,
Lake
,
Pabodie
,
Danforth
,
the
other
six
students
,
and
myself
flew
directly
over
the
south
pole
in
two
of
the
great
planes
,
being
forced
down
once
by
a
sudden
high
wind
,
which
,
fortunately
,
did
not
develop
into
a
typical
storm
.
This
was
,
as
the
papers
have
stated
,
one
of
several
observation
flights
,
during
others
of
which
we
tried
to
discern
new
topographical
features
in
areas
unreached
by
previous
explorers
.
Our
early
flights
were
disappointing
in
this
latter
respect
,
though
they
afforded
us
some
magnificent
examples
of
the
richly
fantastic
and
deceptive
mirages
of
the
polar
regions
,
of
which
our
sea
voyage
had
given
us
some
brief
foretastes
.
Distant
mountains
floated
in
the
sky
as
enchanted
cities
,
and
often
the
whole
white
world
would
dissolve
into
a
gold
,
silver
,
and
scarlet
land
of
Dunsanian
dreams
and
adventurous
expectancy
under
the
magic
of
the
low
midnight
sun
.
On
cloudy
days
we
had
considerable
trouble
in
flying
owing
to
the
tendency
of
snowy
earth
and
sky
to
merge
into
one
mystical
opalescent
void
with
no
visible
horizon
to
mark
the
junction
of
the
two
.
At
length
we
resolved
to
carry
out
our
original
plan
of
flying
five
hundred
miles
eastward
with
all
four
exploring
planes
and
establishing
a
fresh
sub-base
at
a
point
which
would
probably
be
on
the
smaller
continental
division
,
as
we
mistakenly
conceived
it
.
Geological
specimens
obtained
there
would
be
desirable
for
purposes
of
comparison
.
Our
health
so
far
had
remained
excellent
-
lime
juice
well
offsetting
the
steady
diet
of
tinned
and
salted
food
,
and
temperatures
generally
above
zero
enabling
us
to
do
without
our
thickest
furs
.
It
was
now
midsummer
,
and
with
haste
and
care
we
might
be
able
to
conclude
work
by
March
and
avoid
a
tedious
wintering
through
the
long
antarctic
night
.
Several
savage
windstorms
had
burst
upon
us
from
the
west
,
but
we
had
escaped
damage
through
the
skill
of
Atwood
in
devising
rudimentary
aeroplane
shelters
and
windbreaks
of
heavy
snow
blocks
,
and
reinforcing
the
principal
camp
buildings
with
snow
.
Our
good
luck
and
efficiency
had
indeed
been
almost
uncanny
.
The
outside
world
knew
,
of
course
,
of
our
program
,
and
was
told
also
of
Lake
's
strange
and
dogged
insistence
on
a
westward
-
or
rather
,
northwestward
-
prospecting
trip
before
our
radical
shift
to
the
new
base
.
It
seems
that
he
had
pondered
a
great
deal
,
and
with
alarmingly
radical
daring
,
over
that
triangular
striated
marking
in
the
slate
;
reading
into
it
certain
contradictions
in
nature
and
geological
period
which
whetted
his
curiosity
to
the
utmost
,
and
made
him
avid
to
sink
more
borings
and
blastings
in
the
west-stretching
formation
to
which
the
exhumed
fragments
evidently
belonged
.
He
was
strangely
convinced
that
the
marking
was
the
print
of
some
bulky
,
unknown
,
and
radically
unclassifiable
organism
of
considerably
advanced
evolution
,
notwithstanding
that
the
rock
which
bore
it
was
of
so
vastly
ancient
a
date
-
Cambrian
if
not
actually
preCambrian
-
as
to
preclude
the
probable
existence
not
only
of
all
highly
evolved
life
,
but
of
any
life
at
all
above
the
unicellular
or
at
most
the
trilobite
stage
.
These
fragments
,
with
their
odd
marking
,
must
have
been
five
hundred
million
to
a
thousand
million
years
old
.
Popular
imagination
,
I
judge
,
responded
actively
to
our
wireless
bulletins
of
Lake
's
start
northwestward
into
regions
never
trodden
by
human
foot
or
penetrated
by
human
imagination
,
though
we
did
not
mention
his
wild
hopes
of
revolutionizing
the
entire
sciences
of
biology
and
geology
.
His
preliminary
sledging
and
boring
journey
of
January
11th
to
18th
with
Pabodie
and
five
others
-
marred
by
the
loss
of
two
dogs
in
an
upset
when
crossing
one
of
the
great
pressure
ridges
in
the
ice
-
had
brought
up
more
and
more
of
the
Archaean
slate
;
and
even
I
was
interested
by
the
singular
profusion
of
evident
fossil
markings
in
that
unbelievably
ancient
stratum
.
These
markings
,
however
,
were
of
very
primitive
life
forms
involving
no
great
paradox
except
that
any
life
forms
should
occur
in
rock
as
definitely
pre-Cambrian
as
this
seemed
to
be
;
hence
I
still
failed
to
see
the
good
sense
of
Lake
's
demand
for
an
interlude
in
our
time-saving
program
-
an
interlude
requiring
the
use
of
all
four
planes
,
many
men
,
and
the
whole
of
the
expedition
's
mechanical
apparatus
.
I
did
not
,
in
the
end
,
veto
the
plan
,
though
I
decided
not
to
accompany
the
northwestward
party
despite
Lake
's
plea
for
my
geological
advice
.
While
they
were
gone
,
I
would
remain
at
the
base
with
Pabodie
and
five
men
and
work
out
final
plans
for
the
eastward
shift
.
In
preparation
for
this
transfer
,
one
of
the
planes
had
begun
to
move
up
a
good
gasoline
supply
from
McMurdo
Sound
;
but
this
could
wait
temporarily
.
I
kept
with
me
one
sledge
and
nine
dogs
,
since
it
is
unwise
to
be
at
any
time
without
possible
transportation
in
an
utterly
tenantless
world
of
aeon-long
death
.
Lake
's
subexpedition
into
the
unknown
,
as
everyone
will
recall
,
sent
out
its
own
reports
from
the
shortwave
transmitters
on
the
planes
;
these
being
simultaneously
picked
up
by
our
apparatus
at
the
southern
base
and
by
the
Arkham
at
McMurdo
Sound
,
whence
they
were
relayed
to
the
outside
world
on
wave
lengths
up
to
fifty
meters
.
The
start
was
made
January
22nd
at
4
A.
M.
,
and
the
first
wireless
message
we
received
came
only
two
hours
later
,
when
Lake
spoke
of
descending
and
starting
a
small-scale
ice-melting
and
bore
at
a
point
some
three
hundred
miles
away
from
us
.
Six
hours
after
that
a
second
and
very
excited
message
told
of
the
frantic
,
beaver-like
work
whereby
a
shallow
shaft
had
been
sunk
and
blasted
,
culminating
in
the
discovery
of
slate
fragments
with
several
markings
approximately
like
the
one
which
had
caused
the
original
puzzlement
.